Blood Flashcards
What is polycythemia??
It is a genetic neoplasia where there is an increase in RBC. Leads to sludgy blood.
PCV
Packed cell volume
What is PCV synonymous with??
Hematocrit
What are some examples of blood smears?
Wright, Giemsa, and diff-quick
What controls erythropoeisis?
Erythropoietin
Where does hemopoiesis occur?? `
In flat bones and some long bones:
Flat bones: skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis
Long bone: femur
Where does hemopoeisis first occur in the fetus?
“Blood islands” in the wall of the yolk sac, during the first trimester.
Where does hempoeisis occur in the second trimester?
In the liver, lymphatic tissue, and during the last month of pregnancy it occurs in the bone marrow.
Once the baby is born, where does hemopoeisis occur?
It occurs in the marrow cavities
What is the overall trend of erythropoiesis?
There is progressive decrease in size, loss of the nucleus and organelles, and an increase in hemoglobin
Follow the stages of erythropoeisis.
Preoerythroblast, erythroblast/normoblast, reticulocyte—> mature RBC.
What happens within the cell before the RBC is put into the blood stream?
The nucleus is extruded, and the organelles degenerate.
How do RBC’s make ATP?
Anaerobic gylcolysis
What is reticulocytosis?
Increase in the production of reticulocytes in the circulation. This is reltated to chronic blood loss aka hemolytic anemia. AKA AKA left shift.
What leads to macrocytes??
A vitamin B12 and B9 deficiency
What are two characteristics of anemia?
Blood loss or the decrease in Iron
What is the difference between anemic RBCs and normal?
Microcytic (smaller) and hypochromatic (pale staining)
Normocytic and normochromic
Describe a megakaryocyte and its role in blood clotting.
These cells are what platelets are formed from. These cells develop pleated demarcation channels in the cytoplasms and the platelets tear off.
What drug impairs coagulation? Or platelet function? ??
Aspirin
The intrinsic pathway requires numerous other clotting factors. What are they?
Von willebrand’s factor and facto VIII and a longer cascade rxn
WHat happens when a blood vessel breaks?
Releases thromboplastin which initiates the EXTRINSIC pathway. It also exposes collagen which leads to the INTRINSIC pathway. Platelets adhere to the exposed collagen and release serotonin.
What is serotonin?
It is a strong vasoconstrictor. Works to prevent blood loss.
Where do the intrinsic pathways and the extrinsic pathways converge?
At the point where factor X is activated. Here prothrombin is converted into thrombin and fibrinogen is turned into fibrin.
What causes a heart attack or stroke?
Inapppropriate clot formation!
What is hemophilia A?
It is a deficiency in clotting factor VIII
What is hemophilia B?
Factor iX deficiency
What is hemophilia C?
Factor XI deficiency
What is another type of hemophilia?
Von wilebrand’s disease.
