Blood

Question 1

What is polycythemia??

Answer 1

It is a genetic neoplasia where there is an increase in RBC. Leads to sludgy blood.

Question 2

PCV

Answer 2

Packed cell volume

Question 3

What is PCV synonymous with??

Answer 3

Hematocrit

Question 4

What are some examples of blood smears?

Answer 4

Wright, Giemsa, and diff-quick

Question 5

What controls erythropoeisis?

Answer 5

Erythropoietin

Question 6

Where does hemopoiesis occur?? `

Answer 6

In flat bones and some long bones:
Flat bones: skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis
Long bone: femur

Question 7

Where does hemopoeisis first occur in the fetus?

Answer 7

“Blood islands” in the wall of the yolk sac, during the first trimester.

Question 8

Where does hempoeisis occur in the second trimester?

Answer 8

In the liver, lymphatic tissue, and during the last month of pregnancy it occurs in the bone marrow.

Question 9

Once the baby is born, where does hemopoeisis occur?

Answer 9

It occurs in the marrow cavities

Question 10

What is the overall trend of erythropoiesis?

Answer 10

There is progressive decrease in size, loss of the nucleus and organelles, and an increase in hemoglobin

Question 11

Follow the stages of erythropoeisis.

Answer 11

Preoerythroblast, erythroblast/normoblast, reticulocyte—> mature RBC.

Question 12

What happens within the cell before the RBC is put into the blood stream?

Answer 12

The nucleus is extruded, and the organelles degenerate.

Question 13

How do RBC’s make ATP?

Answer 13

Anaerobic gylcolysis

Question 14

What is reticulocytosis?

Answer 14

Increase in the production of reticulocytes in the circulation. This is reltated to chronic blood loss aka hemolytic anemia. AKA AKA left shift.

Question 15

What leads to macrocytes??

Answer 15

A vitamin B12 and B9 deficiency

Question 16

What are two characteristics of anemia?

Answer 16

Blood loss or the decrease in Iron

Question 17

What is the difference between anemic RBCs and normal?

Answer 17

Microcytic (smaller) and hypochromatic (pale staining)

Normocytic and normochromic

Question 18

Describe a megakaryocyte and its role in blood clotting.

Answer 18

These cells are what platelets are formed from. These cells develop pleated demarcation channels in the cytoplasms and the platelets tear off.

Question 19

What drug impairs coagulation? Or platelet function? ??

Answer 19

Aspirin

Question 20

The intrinsic pathway requires numerous other clotting factors. What are they?

Answer 20

Von willebrand’s factor and facto VIII and a longer cascade rxn

Question 21

WHat happens when a blood vessel breaks?

Answer 21

Releases thromboplastin which initiates the EXTRINSIC pathway. It also exposes collagen which leads to the INTRINSIC pathway. Platelets adhere to the exposed collagen and release serotonin.

Question 22

What is serotonin?

Answer 22

It is a strong vasoconstrictor. Works to prevent blood loss.

Question 23

Where do the intrinsic pathways and the extrinsic pathways converge?

Answer 23

At the point where factor X is activated. Here prothrombin is converted into thrombin and fibrinogen is turned into fibrin.

Question 24

What causes a heart attack or stroke?

Answer 24

Inapppropriate clot formation!

Question 25

What is hemophilia A?

Answer 25

It is a deficiency in clotting factor VIII

Question 26

What is hemophilia B?

Answer 26

Factor iX deficiency

Question 27

What is hemophilia C?

Answer 27

Factor XI deficiency

Question 28

What is another type of hemophilia?

Answer 28

Von wilebrand’s disease.