BLOOD

Question 1

iron supplements

Answer 1

used when reduced no. of mature erythrocytes with low hemoglobin content: hypo chromic, normoblastic anaemia
>constipation, black stool..

Question 2

megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 2

hyperchromic anaemia ; large-sized megaloblasts with incr. hemoglobin content that replace normal erythrocytes
>B12 deficiency

Question 3

vitamin B12

Answer 3

blood production, proliferation of epithelial cells

Question 4

importance of B12 for cells

Answer 4

-key factor in formation of DNA > necessary development of cell nuclei and cell proliferation
> deficiency will lead overall cell development and tissue growth disorder
-erythrocyte-producing bone marrow- tissue that grows and develops at fastest rate ; reflect any vitamin B12 deficiency fastest > production of erythrocytes will decrease

Question 6

ruminants require …. for B12 synthesis

Answer 6

cobalt

Question 7

treatment of anemia due blood loss

Answer 7

-blood transfusion
-crystalloid solutions, colloid solutions

Question 8

hemostasis prevention or control of

Answer 8

hemorrhage
>vascular and platelet phases : after trauma, vascular cell contracts and platelets start adhering to injury
>vasocontriction lasts 20-30min

Question 9

substances enhancing blood coagulation, hemostatic drugs

Answer 9

-thrombin: replace natural enzyme, induces transformation of fibrinogen contained in blood into fibrin > blood coagulation to occur
-fibrinogen: enhance blood coagulation and transform into fibrin though effect of thrombin
-calcium compounds:blood coagulation factor, activates thromboplastin
-vitamin K : prothrombin and proconverwtin in liver

Question 10

hemostatic agent: Etamsylate

Answer 10

antihemorrhagic, blodo vessel protecting agent > incr. resistance in endothelium of capillaries, promote platelet adhesion, inhibit biosynthesis and action of those prostaglandins which cause platelet disaggregation, vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

Question 11

substances inhibit blood coagulation: anticoagulants

Answer 11

-direct acting anticoagulants : reduce activity of thrombin
-indirect acting anticoagulants: inhibit formation of prothrombin , enhance fibrinolysis

Question 12

direct acting anticoagulants

Answer 12

-heparin: acidic mucopolysaccharide - antithrombotic and anticoagulatory effects IV, SC; local adm
-arterial thrombi in cats
-management of disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 13

indirect actin anticoagulants

Answer 13

-vitamin K antagonists : dicumarine, neodicoumarin, warfarin
>prophylaxis of thrombus formation, in case of thrombophlebitis in case of infarctions
>contraindicated in case of hemophilia ulcers

Question 14

aspirin, antiplatelet drug

Answer 14

only NSAID that in low doses irreversibly inhibits cyclooxyrgenase that impacts thrombocytes

Question 15

blood stabilizers

Answer 15

-sodium citrate :concentration of Ca in blood is reduced
>formation of thromboplastin does not occur and prothrombin is not activated into thrombin and coagulation of blood becomes slower
> for vlood transfusion of cattle

Question 16

oxyglobin.enhances transport

Answer 16

of O2 in dogs by alleviating clinical signs caused by anemia
-blood plasma colume expander
> not in dogs circulatory overload ex. oligonuria or anuria
1x administration only