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PHARMACOLOGY > 3. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM- general > Flashcards

3. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM- general Flashcards

LARGE AND SMALL ANIMALS

1
Q

female sex hormones - 1. production, 2. hormones, 3. role

A
  1. production is regulated: cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, hypophysis > produced in OVARIES
  2. FSH and LH, oestrogens and gestagens
    >reproductive function regulated by cerebral cortex and hypothalamus
    >neurosecretory cells in hypothalamus produce=hypophysiotropic hormones = releasing factors ex. LIBERINS (hermosoluja jotka pystyvät erittämään hormoneja > vaikuttavat etuaivolisäkkeen toimintaan)
  3. role: stimulate or inhibit release of hormones from adenohypophysis

-GONADOTROPINS produced under control of respective Liberians in adenohypophysis

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2
Q

hormones produced in adenohypophysis (2)

A
  1. DIRECT-ACTING: direct effect of organism= PROLACTIN AND SOMATOTROPIN
  2. INDIRECT-ACTING: stimulate another endocrine organ> cause release of hormone there = GONADOTROPIC HORMONES, ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, THYREOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE
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3
Q

estrus cycle in cattle

A

-21 days
1. proestrus 2. estrus 3. metaestrus 4. diestrus
-luteal phase (d.1-17) and follicular phase (d.18-21 tai 0)

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4
Q

estrus cycle in dog

A
  1. proestrus 2. estrus 3. diestrus 4. anestrus
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5
Q

gonadotropic hormones

A

2 main: FSH, LH
> LUTEOTROPIC HORMONE, PROLACTIN > regulates milk production + stimulate CL
- GONADORELIN: GnRH > stimulate release of FSH & LH from hypophysis > result=follicle matures, ovulation occurs & production PROG begins (cat , dog) > increases production of testosterone in male dogs , cats > usage: stimulate ovulation, induce oestrus, treat follicular cysts in dog, cat
-BUSERELIN (GnRH)

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6
Q

FSH & LH

A
  1. FSH= growth of 2ndary follicles in ovarian cortex, raise mitotic activity, optimal envi for ovum
  2. LH= final completion of follicle and ovulation > development of CL > also can cause production of estrogens and gestagens

> synthesis of both throughout oestrus cycle -level and proportion depend phase of oestrus cycle

-GESTAGENS inhibit LH > gonadotropins incr. incr. sex hormones. suppress secretion of gonadotropins

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7
Q

estrogens (2)

A

-effect all female sex organs EXCEPT ovaries
1. NATURAL ESTROGENS : 17beta-estradiol > OESTRONE AND OESTRIOL > produced theca internal cells of Graafian follicles or placenta > metal. liver > estrogens in plants. (quick break down and action short)
2. SYNTHETIC OESTROGENS: more potent and duration longer - stable

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8
Q

pharmacokinetics of estrogens

A

-natural estrogens > absorbed well GIT
-administered oral route GIT
biotransformation liver
- little uterus
-kidney

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9
Q

pharmacokinetics part 2-estrogens
1. production &
2.physiological estrogens cause

A
  1. incr. once animal mature
  2. oestrus display, vag.epithelial growth, growth and uterine glands production, hyperemia MM of uterus, OXYTOCIN contracts uterus only in high estrogen: parturition and oestrus
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10
Q

what estrogens increases

A

migration of leukocytes to ovarian secretion in oestrus>envi.unsuitable to microbes, mammalien gland growth

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11
Q

gestagens

A

-steroid H CL
-PROG
-prod cortex of adrenal glands and placenta
>not to use diabetes, diestrus, after adm.oestrogens
>use: estrous synch.+prevent postponing estrus, pseudopregnancy, habitual abortion

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12
Q

gestagen, product: PRID

A

-PROG
-intravag.adm cows
-7d vagina

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13
Q

synthetic progestins (2)

A

-Prog receptor hypothalamus/pit, decr. FSH and LH output
1. ALTRENOGEST: ESTRUS synch. sows
2. PROLIGESTONE: adm. start of estrus , inhibited follicular growth as result red. conc. LH, postpone and interrupt oestrus dogs, cats and ferrets

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14
Q

Prostaglandins: subgroups

A

-PGA PGD, PGE, PGF

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15
Q

Prostaglandins -drugs & effect

A

-drugs: CLOPROSTENOL, DINOPROST, FENPROSTALENE
-effect: PGF2alfa- myometrial contractions, cervical relaxation > UTERUS

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16
Q

PGF2alfa: side effects

A

-stomach ache
-vomiting, defecation
urination
tachycardia
fever
> not to use gestation , liver disease
>asthmatics careful

17
Q

use of prostaglandins

A

-induce abortion
-inh. milk synthesis
-inducing oestrus
-pseudopregnancy

18
Q

dopamine agonist, serotonin antagonist- dopamine?

A

-dopamine agonist inhibit secretion of prolactin > prolactin=stimulate development of mammary gland

19
Q

serotonin?

A

inhibit secr dopamine in hypothalamus > indirectly secretion of prolactin

20
Q

dopamine agonist

A

inhibit secretion of prolactin > incl. metoclopramide and acetylpromazine (prolactin=maidon tuotanto)

21
Q

CABERGOLINE

A

-specific dopamine agonist > used in pseudopregnancies > suppress lactation (small animals)

22
Q

BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE

A

-synthetic ergot alkaloid > directly inhibit prolactin synthesis > D2 receptors in pituitary gland

23
Q

METERGOLINE

A

serotonin antagonist (similar to BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE)

24
Q

antiprogestins - AGLEPRISTONE

A

-syhtetic steroid with anti-progestognenic effect > compete PROG on uterine PROG. receptor levels > induce abortion in 7d.
> treat: pyometra

25
Q

substances increasing intensity of uterine contractions (4)

A
  1. PROSTAGLANDINS
  2. HORMONES OF POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY GLAND : OXYTOCIN
  3. ERGOT FUNGUS ALKALOIDS (ERGOT ALKALOIDS)
  4. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS (DEXAMETHASONE)
26
Q

OXYTOCIN (2. posterior lobe of pituitary gland)

A

-from posterior pituitary gland (also vasopressin)
-prod. by neurosecretory cells - hypothalamus to PPP
-movement of spermatozoa and zygote + giving birth
-broken down by GIT > adm. parenteral route
> UTERINE CONTRACTIONS
>contract udder muscle layer (myoepithelium)
>milk release

27
Q

use of OXYTOCIN

A

-stimulate giving birth
-uterine atony after giving birth
-retained placenta
-treat inflammation in uterus
-milking-milk release

28
Q

ERGOT ALKALOIDS

A

-incr. uterine muscle tone, contractions stronger > in gestation and after birth
-used in : uterine bleeding, removal placenta, uterine atony after birth (=kohdun supistumisten heikkoutta tai puuttumista synnytyksen jälkeen)
>NOT USED : stimulate birth > contractions may be too strong leading foetal suffocation and uterine rupture
-sows

29
Q

substances inhibiting uterine contractions (3)

A
  1. BEETA-ADRENOMIMETICS
  2. LOCAL ANAESTHETICS
  3. DENAVERIN HYDROCHLORID (spasmolytic=regulation of uterine contractions during parturition, total time from fertilization to birth, vähentää siis supistuksia)
    (+NARCOTIC ANALGESIC?)
30
Q

use of subs.inhibitin uterine contractions

A

-alleviation of obstructed labour
-improve wrong delivery position and posture
-fetotomy, caesarean section

31
Q

ABs and antiseptic substances : when used what they are

A

-liquid forms of medicine for rinsing
-solid forms of medicine
-use: to treat inflammatory conditions of uterus and vagina

32
Q

ESTRIOL (OESTRIOL)

A

-short act natural estrogen
-used: hormone-responsive urinary incontinence > caused by urethral sphincter after ovariohysterectomy
-large doses: tumors

33
Q

DESLORELIN

A

-GnRH agonist
-adm. by implant
-suppress pituitary-gonadal axis
-result: unable to sync or release FSH and LH
-reduced: male repr.organs, libido and spermatogenesis > TESTOSTERONE blood plasma decr.
-treated: infertility uncastrated male dogs

34
Q

GnRH analogue protein conjugate : IMPROVAC

A

-boars
-immunological preparation
-induce immune response to endogenous gonadotropin-releasing factor which control testicular function through FSH and LH
-reduced GnRH activity
result: decr. testosterone and testicular steroids (incl. androsterone stinky smell subs.)

35
Q

OSATERONE

A

-steroidal antiandrogen
-inhibit testosterone side-effects
-prevent binding androgens and block testosterone move to prostate
-use: benign prostatic hypertrophy in male dogs

PHARMACOLOGY (14 decks)

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