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Block 1 Lecture > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Function of blood

A

Transportation
Protection
Regulation

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2
Q

Blood Components Centrifuged

A

Plasma 55%
Buffy Coat- White blood cells & Platelets 4%
Red blood cells 41%

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3
Q

Blood Components

A

Plasma (water, small dissolved molecules)

Water

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4
Q

Differences between plasma and serum

A

Plasma comes from unclotted blood

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5
Q

Unclotted Whole Blood (Add anticoagulant)

A

Plasma
Buffy Coat
RBC

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6
Q

Clotted Whole Blood

A

Serum

Clot

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7
Q

Plasma vs Serum

A
  • Protein concentration is slightly lower in serum than plasma
  • Come lab tests can only be run on plasma and some only run on serum
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8
Q

Blood components- Small molecules

A

Electrolytes, Minerals, Proteins, Glucose, Enzymes, Other Molecules

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9
Q

Small molecules- proteins

A

Albumin

Globulins (fibrinogen, antibodies, lipoproteins, acute phase proteins)

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10
Q

Cells of Blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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11
Q

Blood Sampling and Testing

A

Routine bloodwork typically includes:

  • CBC
  • Chemistry
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12
Q

Complete Blood Count

A 
# of cells, other parameters of cells, morphology
-Whole blood, need anticoagulant (purple top, EDTA)
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13
Q

Chemistry

A

Non-Cellular components of blood (small dissolved molecules)

-Plasma (green top, heparin) or serum (red top)

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14
Q

What sample needed to perform a CBC

A

Anti-coagulated whole blood

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15
Q

Total Protein/Total Solids

A
  • Measured on refractometer
  • Solids causes light to refract
  • In chemistry: a chemical reaction
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16
Q

Red blood cell

A

-Most prevalent
-Primary role - Carry O2 and CO2
Aucleate biconcave disk full of hemoglobin
-Central Pallor visible in some species (dog)
-RBR Precursors in marrow extrude their nucleus during maturation
- Immature anucelate RBC: reticulocyte
-Increased reticulocytes seen in some anemia

17
Q

White blood cell

A

-Least prevalent cell
-Primary role : inflammation and immunity
5 types in blood
- Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte

18
Q

Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

A

Granulocytes

Polymorphonuclear cells

19
Q

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

A

Mononuclear cells

20
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • Mature neutrophils have Neutral granules and highly lobulated nuclear shape
  • Primary role: Acute inflammation, kill bacteria
  • Immature neutrophils in marrow have less nuclear lobulation
  • Increased immature neutrophils when demand for neutrophils increases –> inflammatory conditions
  • Increased immature neutrophils in blood: left shift
21
Q

Eosinophils

A
  • Lobulated (bilobed) nucelus and many pink granules

- primary role: parasitic infection and allergies

22
Q

Basophils

A
  • Lobulated, ribbon-like, nucleus, and lavender to purple granules
  • Rarely found
  • Similar to eosinophils
  • More purple than eosinophils
  • Primary role: parasitic infection and allergies
23
Q

Monocytes

A
  • largest WBC
  • Nucleus indented (kidney bean), band like or lobulated
  • Cytoplasm medium blue +/- small vacuoles +/- tiny pink granules
24
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • Often smallest WBC
  • Round nucleus, small amount of blue cytoplasm
  • High nuclear to cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio
  • Production begins in bone marrow
  • B lymphocytes continue to mature in marrow (antibodies)
  • T lymphocytes finish maturation in thymus (regulated/cytotoxic)
25
Q

Which WBCs circulate repeatedly between blood and tissues?

A

None

26
Q

WBC Circulation

A
  • Mostly it’s a one way street (BM – blood – tissues)
  • Recirculation for lymphocytes is normal (BM –blood –lymph– blood – lymph…)
  • If antigen is not encountered, they keep recirculating
27
Q

WBC Longevity

A

Most spend a few hours in blood

  • Neutrophils 12-24 hours
  • Eso/Baso: few weeks
  • Macrophage: few months
  • Lymphocytes : months to years (vax immunity)
28
Q

Platelets

A
  • Smallest blood cell
  • Anucleate cytoplasmic fragments with indistinct cytoplasmic granules
  • Pinched off from megakaryocytes in bone marrow
  • Primary Role : Coagulation (primary hemostasis)

Block 1 Lecture (7 decks)

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