Block C 1 Flashcards
fungal cell biology
most fungi are multicellular forming a network called
hyphae
hyphae that extend above the surface can produce asexual spores called
conidia
conidia are often what
pigmented and resistant to drying
what are the compacted tufts that hyphae called
mycelia
what are most fungal cell walls made of
chitin
what helps plant roots to obtain phosphorus
mycorrhizae
some fungi produce macroscopic reproductive structures called
fruiting bodies
2 examples of fruiting bodies
mushrooms and puffballs
what can mycoses in humans range from
athletes foot to histoplasmosis
how do most fungi reproduce and how many forms
asexual
3 forms
what are the 3 forms that fungi reproduce by
-growth and spread of hyphal filaments
-asexual reproduction of spores
-simple cell division
how do fungi sexual spores originate
fusion of 2 haploid cells to form a diploid cell
(ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores)
what are spores resistant to
drying
heating
freezing
chemicals
what is earliest fungal linage thought to be
chytridomycetes
global amphibian declines- chytrids
where are chytrids found
moist soil and freshwater
what has batrachochytrium been implicated in
massive die off of amphibians
key genera of chyriodiomycetes
allomyces
bactrachochytrium
what are zygomycetes primarily known for
food spoilage
where are zygomycetes commonly found
in soil and decaying plant material
what are all zygomycetes
coenocytic
zygospores
what are microsporidia
unicellular
obligate parasites
what do microsporidia often infect
immune compromised individuals
what is a representative form of zygospores
rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mould)
microsporidia
what are glomermycetes
small group of fungi that have major ecological importance
what do all species of glomermycetes form with the roots of herbaceous plants
endomycorrhizae
what do arbuscular mycorrhiza do
help capture nutrients for plants
how do all glomeromycetes reproduce
asexually
key genera of ascomycetes
saccharomyces
candida
aspergillus
diversity of ascomycetes
bakers yeast to common mould
where are ascomycetes found
in aquatic and terrestrial environments
what do ascomycetes do
decompose dead plant material
some are lichen symbionts
shape of saccharomyces cerevisae
spherical to oval
cell division through budding
what is the name given to the sexual reproduction that saccharomyces cerevisiae do
mating
how many mating types do saccharomyces cerevisiae carry out
2
what is the name given to the mechanism that switched ascomycete yeast from a to a
cassette
reproduction mechanism of mushrooms and other basidiomycetes
vegetative and sexual
key genera of mushrooms and other basidiomycetes
agaricus
amanita
what type of growth do hyphals go through
exponential
what is the spitzenkorper
structure found in fungal hyphae that is the organizing centre for hyphal growth and morphogenesis
what is one of the most important groups for organisms for nutrient cycling
fungi
what are fungi important for
biotechnologically and industrially important
