Block B 1 Flashcards
gram-positive bacteria
chemicals used in gram stain
crystal violet
iodine sol
alcohol
safarin
what colour do gram +ve cells turn
purple
what colour do gram -ve cells turn
pink to red
what do gram +ve cell walls contain
90% peptidoglycan
what is common to have embedded in +ve cell walls
teichoic acids
what are lipoteichoic acids
teichioc acids covalently bound to membrane lipids
what is morphology
cell shape
the 3 major gram +ve bacterial groups
actinobacteria
tenericutes
firmicutes
how many taxonomic groups associated with corynebacterium, arthobacter
30
2 things that come from corynebacterium, arthrobacter
C.diptheria (diphtheria)
C. glutamicum (MSG)
shape of mycobacterium
rod shaped
2 things that come from mycobacterium
M. tuberculosis
M. leprae
what group makes up 70% of all antibiotics
filamentous actinobacteria
2 examples of filamentous bacteria
streptomyces, norcardia
shape of lactobacillus
rod shaped
grow in chains
uses of lactobacillus
dairy products
yogurt
sauerkraut
resistant to acidic conditions (grow in pH as low as 4)
what does the fermentation od lactose produce
lactic acid
shape of streptococcus
coccus shaped
grow in chains
lactococcus use
genus of dairy significance
enterococcus
UTIs
endocarditis
diverticulitis
meningitis
streptococcus species
dental plaque
streptococcus viridans
scarlet (rheumatic) fever
streptococcus pyogenes
strep throat
necrotizing fascilitis
streptococcus pneumoniae
pneumonia
example of nonsporulating bacillales and clostridiales
staphlococcus
2 conditions associated with S. aureus
methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
vancomycin resistant MRSA
what of the 3 main groups do sporulating bacillales and clostridales belong to
firmicutes
where are bacillus, clostridium, sporosarcina generally found
soil
what are endospores advantageous for
soil microorganisms
significance of B. subtilis
gram +ve eqvn of E.coli as a model organism
is clostridium aerobic or anaerobic
anaerobic
lacks a resp chain
how does clostridium produce ATP
by substrate-level phosphorylation
what species perform stickland reactions
some clostridium
what is a stickland reaction
metabolism of a pair of amino acids
what do pathogenic species of clostridium cause
botulism
tetanus
gangrene
3 forms of anthrax and their prognosis
-cutaneous: insect bite (fair prognosis)
-GI: eating contaminated meat (intermed. prognosis)
-inhalation (pulmonary: inhaling spores (poor prognosis)
what can all forms of anthrax poisoning lead to
fatal systemic anthrax
what is capsule when talking about surface structures of B. anthracis
linear polymer of y-D-glutamic sheath
what is S layer when talking about surface structures of B. anthracis
proteinaceous paracrystalline sheath
what are AB toxins
toxins with intracellular target that have 2 functionally distinct regions (A&B)
what is A responsible for in AB toxins
enzymatic activity
what is B responsible for in AB toxins
for host cell binding or entry of A unit to cell
the 2 ways that AB toxins operate
-single polypeptide that is proteolytically cleaved at a later stage
-separate polypeptides that subsequently assemble
