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BM211 microbiology > Block A 3 > Flashcards

Block A 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

estimated amount of bacteria worldwide

A

> 10^30

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2
Q

small cell size is a way to cope with what

A

low substrate availability

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3
Q

what does small cell size increase

A

surface area to volume ratio

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4
Q

what does increasing the SA/vol ratio improve

A

improves ability to supply nutrients to cytoplasmic vol

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5
Q

spherical bacteria type

A

coccus

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6
Q

rod bacteria type

A

bacillus

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7
Q

comma bacteria type

A

spirilla

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8
Q

corkscrew bacteria type

A

spirochetes

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9
Q

appendaged bacteria type

A

caulobacter crescentus

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10
Q

filamentous bacteria type

A

some cyanobacteria

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11
Q

why is size and shape of bacteria important

A

often crucial for success or survival of bacteria in a given habitat (niche)

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12
Q

temp range for microbial habitats

A

-10 to 121

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13
Q

pH range for microbial habitats

A

0-11
(3-5 units for any one species)

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14
Q

name of bacteria group that can survive in environments w/o much water

A

xerophiles

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15
Q

name of bac. group that can survive cold temp extremes

A

psychrophiles

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16
Q

name of bac. group that can survive hot temps

A

thermophiles

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17
Q

name of bac. group that can survive very hot temps

A

hyperthermophiles

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18
Q

names of bac. groups that can survive pH extremes

A

acidophiles
alkaliphiles

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19
Q

name of bac. groups that can survive high NaCl conc

A

halotolerant bacteria
halophiles (salt loving)

20
Q

name of bac. group that can survive high pressure

A

barophiles

21
Q

what requires O2 for growth

A

aerobes

22
Q

what will not grow in presence of O2

A

anaerobes

23
Q

name given when only able to exist in a particular environment/role

A

obligate

24
Q

name given when organism is able to adapt and survive in presence or lack of oxygen

A

facultative

25
Q

mutualism

A

host benefits
microbes benefit from their association

26
Q

pathogenesis

A

microbes cause harm to host

27
Q

what does microbial growth require

A

energy and building blocks
mainly C, N, S, P

28
Q

what are elements, metal ions, and vitamins used at

A

enzyme cofactors

29
Q

what is extremely important for pathogenic bacteria and why

A

Iron (Fe2/3)
limiting in blood/tissues because it is bound

30
Q

what are siderophores

A

bacteria use them to capture iron

31
Q

what are siderophores

A

bacteria use them to capture iron

32
Q

phototrophs

A

photosynthetic, energy from sunlight

33
Q

chemotrophs

A

energy from oxidation of chemicals

34
Q

chemolithotrophs

A

energy from inorganic chemicals
hydrogen sulfide, sulfer, ammonia, nitrities, H gas, iron

35
Q

chemoorganotrophs

A

energy from oxidation of organic chemicals

36
Q

autotrophic

A

(self feeders)
can make organic mols from inorganic nutrients
assimilates C-1 compounds (usually CO2)

37
Q

heterotrophic

A

(food from others)
cannot make organic mols from inorganic nutrients
depends on OM for energy generation and precursors for cell material

38
Q

oligotrophy

A

small feeding
growth at low nutrient concentrations

39
Q

example of photoautotrophs

A

green sulfur bac. purple sulfur bac, cyanobacteria

40
Q

how does cyanobacteria form carbohydrates

A

uses H atoms from water to reduce CO2

41
Q

lichens association with cyanobacteria

A

an ascomycete and a cyanobacterium
cyan provides organic compounds via photosynthesis, fixes N
fungus provides protection

42
Q

example of a photoheterotroph

A

halobacteria

43
Q

how is light energy used in halobacteria

A

used to transfer protons across the membrane out of the cell
proton gradient used to generate ATP

44
Q

examples of chemoheterotrophs

A

e.coli
pseudomonads
bacillus species

45
Q

what are most bacterial pathogens

A

chemoheterotrophs

46
Q

out of the 3 domains, what has greatest metabolic diversity

A

archaea and bacteria over eukaryotes

BM211 microbiology (14 decks)

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