Block A 3 Flashcards
estimated amount of bacteria worldwide
> 10^30
small cell size is a way to cope with what
low substrate availability
what does small cell size increase
surface area to volume ratio
what does increasing the SA/vol ratio improve
improves ability to supply nutrients to cytoplasmic vol
spherical bacteria type
coccus
rod bacteria type
bacillus
comma bacteria type
spirilla
corkscrew bacteria type
spirochetes
appendaged bacteria type
caulobacter crescentus
filamentous bacteria type
some cyanobacteria
why is size and shape of bacteria important
often crucial for success or survival of bacteria in a given habitat (niche)
temp range for microbial habitats
-10 to 121
pH range for microbial habitats
0-11
(3-5 units for any one species)
name of bacteria group that can survive in environments w/o much water
xerophiles
name of bac. group that can survive cold temp extremes
psychrophiles
name of bac. group that can survive hot temps
thermophiles
name of bac. group that can survive very hot temps
hyperthermophiles
names of bac. groups that can survive pH extremes
acidophiles
alkaliphiles
name of bac. groups that can survive high NaCl conc
halotolerant bacteria
halophiles (salt loving)
name of bac. group that can survive high pressure
barophiles
what requires O2 for growth
aerobes
what will not grow in presence of O2
anaerobes
name given when only able to exist in a particular environment/role
obligate
name given when organism is able to adapt and survive in presence or lack of oxygen
facultative
mutualism
host benefits
microbes benefit from their association
pathogenesis
microbes cause harm to host
what does microbial growth require
energy and building blocks
mainly C, N, S, P
what are elements, metal ions, and vitamins used at
enzyme cofactors
what is extremely important for pathogenic bacteria and why
Iron (Fe2/3)
limiting in blood/tissues because it is bound
what are siderophores
bacteria use them to capture iron
what are siderophores
bacteria use them to capture iron
phototrophs
photosynthetic, energy from sunlight
chemotrophs
energy from oxidation of chemicals
chemolithotrophs
energy from inorganic chemicals
hydrogen sulfide, sulfer, ammonia, nitrities, H gas, iron
chemoorganotrophs
energy from oxidation of organic chemicals
autotrophic
(self feeders)
can make organic mols from inorganic nutrients
assimilates C-1 compounds (usually CO2)
heterotrophic
(food from others)
cannot make organic mols from inorganic nutrients
depends on OM for energy generation and precursors for cell material
oligotrophy
small feeding
growth at low nutrient concentrations
example of photoautotrophs
green sulfur bac. purple sulfur bac, cyanobacteria
how does cyanobacteria form carbohydrates
uses H atoms from water to reduce CO2
lichens association with cyanobacteria
an ascomycete and a cyanobacterium
cyan provides organic compounds via photosynthesis, fixes N
fungus provides protection
example of a photoheterotroph
halobacteria
how is light energy used in halobacteria
used to transfer protons across the membrane out of the cell
proton gradient used to generate ATP
examples of chemoheterotrophs
e.coli
pseudomonads
bacillus species
what are most bacterial pathogens
chemoheterotrophs
out of the 3 domains, what has greatest metabolic diversity
archaea and bacteria over eukaryotes
