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Biomed > Block 8_Chapter 24 (Digestive System) > Flashcards

Block 8_Chapter 24 (Digestive System) Flashcards

1
Q

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

A

rugae

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2
Q

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is

A

trypsin

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3
Q

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of

A

pancreatic acini

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4
Q

____ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping

A

incisors

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5
Q

Contraction of the ___ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds

A

muscularis mucosa

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6
Q

At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the

A

transverse colon

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7
Q

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

A

gastrin

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8
Q

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

A

lamina propria

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9
Q

The enzyme pepsin digests

A

proteins

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10
Q

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

A

submucosal plexus

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11
Q

Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?

a. loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels
b. component of mucosa
c. sensory neural network
d. secretes a watery fluid
e. coordinates activity of muscularis externa

A

coordinates activity of muscularis externa

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12
Q

Plicae and intestinal villi

A

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine

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13
Q

The basic functional unit of the liver is the

A

lobule

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14
Q

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except

a. analysis of material before swallowing.
b. lubrication.
c. digestion of carbohydrates.
d. absorption of monosaccharides.
e. mechanical processing of food.

A

Absorption of monosaccharides

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15
Q

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

A

body

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16
Q

The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves

A

cotransport

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17
Q

What region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to?

A

cardia

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18
Q

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by:

a. hormones.
b. parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.
c. the contents of the digestive tract.
d. intrinsic nerve plexuses.
e. all of these

A

all of these

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19
Q

Peyer patches are characteristic of the

A

ileum

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20
Q

Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands?

a. help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents
b. contain enzymes for the digestion of polysaccharides
c. are mostly water
d. contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides
e. help control bacterial populations in the mouth

A

Contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides

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21
Q

_____ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing

A

cuspids

22
Q

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharnyx prematurely is the

A

uvula

23
Q

The Kupffer cells of the liver:

A

destroy RBCs
destroy bacteria
present antigens
are phagocytic

24
Q

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the

A

common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

25
Q

____ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding

A

molars

26
Q

Functions of the stomach include all of the following except:

a. storage of ingested food.
b. initiation of protein digestion.
c. mechanical breakdown of food.
d. denaturation of proteins.
e. absorption of triglycerides.

A

absorption of triglycerides

27
Q

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands is

A

enterocrinin

28
Q

The enzyme amylase digests

A

polysaccharides

29
Q

Digestion refers to the

A

mechanical breakdown of food and chemical breakdown of food only

30
Q

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is

A

rennin

31
Q

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by

A

lymphatic vessels

32
Q

All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium, except the

a. stomach.
b. large intestine.
c. esophagus.
d. small intestine.
e. transverse colon.

A

esophagus

33
Q

The pylorus empties into the

A

duodenum

34
Q

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is

A

cholecystokinin

35
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

36
Q

Parietal cells secrete

A

intrinsic factor

37
Q

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction is

A

gastrin

38
Q

The pancreas produces _____-digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes

A

protein

39
Q

Gastric pits are

A

openings into gastric glands

40
Q

Functions of the large intestine include

A

Absorption of vitamins and reabsorption of water and compaction of feces only

41
Q

During deglutition, which of the following phases is NOT present?

A

laryngeal

42
Q

Movements unique to the large intestine are ______ movements

A

mass

43
Q

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

A

entry of food into the stomach

44
Q

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A

submucosa

45
Q

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A

mouth

46
Q

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the gut tube. These include:

A

epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous, and muscularis externa may be striated muscle only

47
Q

Nutrients are absorbed by all of the following, except

a. cotransport.
b. diffusion.
c. osmosis.
d. active transport.
e. facilitated diffusion.

A

osmosis

48
Q

Gastric secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of

A

local stimulation

49
Q

Bile is stored in the

A

gallbladder

50
Q

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

A

ilium

Biomed (8 decks)

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