Block 8_Chapter 24 (Digestive System) Flashcards
The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called
rugae
An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is
trypsin
The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of
pancreatic acini
____ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping
incisors
Contraction of the ___ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds
muscularis mucosa
At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the
transverse colon
An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is
gastrin
The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the
lamina propria
The enzyme pepsin digests
proteins
Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the
submucosal plexus
Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?
a. loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels
b. component of mucosa
c. sensory neural network
d. secretes a watery fluid
e. coordinates activity of muscularis externa
coordinates activity of muscularis externa
Plicae and intestinal villi
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine
The basic functional unit of the liver is the
lobule
The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except
a. analysis of material before swallowing.
b. lubrication.
c. digestion of carbohydrates.
d. absorption of monosaccharides.
e. mechanical processing of food.
Absorption of monosaccharides
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the
body
The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves
cotransport
What region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to?
cardia
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by:
a. hormones.
b. parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.
c. the contents of the digestive tract.
d. intrinsic nerve plexuses.
e. all of these
all of these
Peyer patches are characteristic of the
ileum
Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands?
a. help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents
b. contain enzymes for the digestion of polysaccharides
c. are mostly water
d. contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides
e. help control bacterial populations in the mouth
Contain enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides
_____ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing
cuspids
A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharnyx prematurely is the
uvula
The Kupffer cells of the liver:
destroy RBCs
destroy bacteria
present antigens
are phagocytic
The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the
common bile duct and the pancreatic duct
____ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding
molars
Functions of the stomach include all of the following except:
a. storage of ingested food.
b. initiation of protein digestion.
c. mechanical breakdown of food.
d. denaturation of proteins.
e. absorption of triglycerides.
absorption of triglycerides
An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands is
enterocrinin
The enzyme amylase digests
polysaccharides
Digestion refers to the
mechanical breakdown of food and chemical breakdown of food only
An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is
rennin
Products of fat digestion are transported initially by
lymphatic vessels
All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium, except the
a. stomach.
b. large intestine.
c. esophagus.
d. small intestine.
e. transverse colon.
esophagus
The pylorus empties into the
duodenum
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is
cholecystokinin
Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
Parietal cells secrete
intrinsic factor
The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction is
gastrin
The pancreas produces _____-digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes
protein
Gastric pits are
openings into gastric glands
Functions of the large intestine include
Absorption of vitamins and reabsorption of water and compaction of feces only
During deglutition, which of the following phases is NOT present?
laryngeal
Movements unique to the large intestine are ______ movements
mass
The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the
entry of food into the stomach
Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the
submucosa
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
mouth
The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the gut tube. These include:
epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous, and muscularis externa may be striated muscle only
Nutrients are absorbed by all of the following, except
a. cotransport.
b. diffusion.
c. osmosis.
d. active transport.
e. facilitated diffusion.
osmosis
Gastric secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of
local stimulation
Bile is stored in the
gallbladder
The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the
ilium
