Block 3_Chapter 13+14 Flashcards
The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the
Pia mater
Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the
superior sagittal sinus
Ependymal cells work to
a. surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus.
b. secrete CSF into the ventricles.
c. remove waste products from CSF.
If the corpus callosum is surgically cut,
a. the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently.
b. symptoms of the “disconnection syndrome” appear.
c. objects touched by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified.
d. conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side.
A ________ is a printed record of the brain’s electrical activity over a period of time.
electroencephalogram
The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains
axons of motor neurons
What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain?
pia mater
Which of the following help to protect the brain?
a. the blood-brain barrier
b. the bones of the skull
c. the cranial meninges
d. the CSF
In meningitis,
b. CSF flow can be disrupted.
c. inflammation of the meninges occurs.
d. bacteria can be the cause.
e. viruses can be the cause.
The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the
internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries only
Which of the following is a function of cerebrospinal fluid?
a. provides buoyant support for the brain
b. acts as a transport medium for waste products
c. acts as a transport medium for nutrients
d. provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues
The basal nuclei
provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking.
The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
longitudinal fissure.
Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?
process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum
Absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CSF to the
venous circulation.
Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
a. produces ADH
b. controls autonomic centers
c. regulates body temperature
d. secretes oxytocin
Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the
subarachnoid space.
Recognized neuronal circuit patterns include all of the following
a. convergent.
c. parallel processing.
d. reverberating.
e. divergent.
Which of the following is a property of the limbic system?
a. contains cerebral and diencephalic components
b. functions in emotions, learning, and memory
c. located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon
e. links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem
Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.
association areas
The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the
prefrontal cerebral cortex.
Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of
Parkinson’s disease
As CSF circulates, ________ between it and the interstitial fluid of the CNS is unrestricted between and across the ependyma.
diffusion
Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect
voluntary motor activity
The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex.
thalamus
A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the
fornix
________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech.
Integrative
Which of the following is true regarding an epidural block?
a. It is commonly used as a method of pain control during labor and delivery.
b. It affects only the spinal nerves in the immediate area of the injection.
c. It can be difficult to achieve in the upper cervical and midthoracic region.
d. It provides mainly sensory anesthesia.
The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain
CELL bodies of sensory neurons.
The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
hypothalamus
The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in
medulla oblongata
The anterior nuclei of the thalamus
are part of the limbic system
The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the
medulla oblongata
What contains a spiderweblike network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows?
subarachnoid space
The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.
hippocampus
The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the
Spinal meninges
Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the
thalamus
The medial nuclei of the thalamus
connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe.
As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become
both more complex and less crucial to visceral functions.
Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies?
a. control reflex eating movements
b. process olfactory information
c. located in posterior hypothalamus
d. shaped like little breasts
The epidural space contains
connective tissue and blood vessels
integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere. These complex processes include
a. speech.
b. writing.
c. mathematical computation.
d. understanding spatial relationships.
The highest levels of information processing occur in the
cerebrum
Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ________ reflexes.
innate
The stretch reflex
both is important in regulating muscle length and is activated when a skeletal muscle lengthens
In the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized as
columns
Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the
medulla oblongata
Cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space through the
lateral and median apertures.
Spinal nerves are
both sensory and motor
Cerebrospinal fluid
is secreted by ependymal cells
Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier?
- The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions
- It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds
- Astrocytes surround the CNS cappilaries
- It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus
Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to
increased muscle tone.
The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the
dura mater
________ is a disorder affecting the ability to speak or read.
aphasia
The general interpretive area
allows us to interpret what is read or heard.
Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?
reduced ability to regulate body temperature
Higher-order functions
a. can be adjusted over time based on experience.
b. involve complex interactions among areas of the cortex.
c. combine both conscious and unconscious information processing.
