Block 6_Chapter 26 (Urinary System) Flashcards
Capillaries that surround the proximal convoluted tubules are A) proximal capillaries. B) corticoradiate capillaries. C) vasa recta capillaries. D) efferent arterioles. E) peritubular capillaries.
E) peritubular capillaries.
The renal veins drain into the A) abdominal aorta. B) renal arteries. C) inferior vena cava. D) segmental arteries. E) peritubular capillaries.
C) inferior vena cava.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is/are an inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys. A) Glomerulonephritis B) Floating kidney C) Polycystic kidney disease D) Pyelonephrosis E) Kidney stones
A) Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis may occur as a consequence of an infection with the bacterium A) Clostridium difficile. B) varicella. C) Streptococcus. D) MRSA. E) All of the answers are correct.
Streptococcus
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an inherited abnormality that affects the development and structure of kidney tubules. A) Glomerulonephritis B) Polycystic kidney disease C) Calculus D) Renal failure E) Hematuria
B) Polycystic kidney disease
Renal columns are
A) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule.
B) expanded ends of the ureters.
C) the basic functional units of the kidney.
D) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.
E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.
D) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.
The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the A) renal sinus. B) renal pelvis. C) renal calyx. D) renal hilum. E) renal corpuscle.
B) renal pelvis.
Major calyces are
A) large branches of the renal pelvis.
B) expanded ends of nephrons.
C) basic functional layers of the kidney.
D) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.
E) the expanded ends of renal pyramids.
A) large branches of the renal pelvis.
Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the A) renal pyramid. B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) renal corpuscle. D) renal papilla. E) collecting tubule system.
C) renal corpuscle.
The region known as the macula densa is part of A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) the distal convoluted tubule. C) the collecting duct. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
B) the distal convoluted tubule.
The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the A) renal corpuscle. B) filtration membrane. C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). D) juxtaglomerular complex. E) afferent arteriole.
D) juxtaglomerular complex.
Which of the following is not an important function of the kidney?
A) control of total body water
B) control of the electrolyte composition of the blood
C) excretion of excess albumen
D) control of production of red blood cells by bone marrow
E) regulation of blood pressure
C) excretion of excess albumen
The filtration of plasma takes place in the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) distal convoluted tubule. C) papillary duct. D) renal corpuscle. E) ureter.
D) renal corpuscle.
Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) collecting duct. E) minor calyx.
B) proximal convoluted tubule.
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the A) nephron loop (loop of Henle). B) proximal convoluted tubule. C) distal convoluted tubule. D) papillary tubule. E) calyx
C) distal convoluted tubule.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?
A) releases renin
B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration
C) final urine enters here
D) initial filtrate enters here
E) tip of the medullary pyramid
E) tip of the medullary pyramid?
C) final urine enters here?
The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ capillaries. A) peritubular B) glomerular C) vasa recta D) cortical E) efferent
A) peritubular
The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers
A) filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores.
B) fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes.
C) endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits.
D) dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule.
E) podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus.
C) endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits.
The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of A) arteries. B) veins. C) venules. D) capillaries. E) arterioles.
capillaries
Renal blood flow is about A) 1 liter/min. B) 2 liter/min. C) 3 liter/min. D) 4 liter/min. E) 5 liter/min.
A) 1 liter/min.
The renal threshold for glucose is approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mg/dl. A) 75 B) 90 C) 100 D) 140 E) 180
180
Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following, except
A) produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles.
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate.
C) trigger renin release.
D) produce renal ischemia.
E) reduce blood flow to kidneys.
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate.
Approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day. A) 480 B) 180 C) 125 D) 18 E) 1.8
B) 180
Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: CsHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure.) A) FP = BHP + CsHP - BCOP B) FP = BHP - (CsHP + BCOP) C) FP = CsHP + BHP - BCOP D) FP = BCOP - BHP + CsHP E) FP = BCOP + (BHP - CsHP)
B) FP = BHP - (CsHP + BCOP)
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
B) decrease secretion of aldosterone.
C) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands.
D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.
E) decrease urinary albumin concentration.
A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by
A) blood pressure.
B) presence of large, non-diffusible proteins in blood plasma.
C) constriction of the efferent arteriole.
D) protein in the filtrate.
E) filtrate in the capsular space.
B) presence of large, non-diffusible proteins in blood plasma.
The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is
A) blood colloid osmotic pressure.
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
C) osmotic pressure of the urine.
D) capsular hydrostatic pressure.
E) reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood.
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of
A) the proximal convoluted tubule.
B) the distal convoluted tubule.
C) the collecting duct.
D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle).
E) the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
E) the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.