Block 3_Chapter 16

Question 1

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during “rest and digest.”

Answer 1

parasympathetic

Question 2

The statement “its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter” is

Answer 2

True only to the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following would be an example of higher-level control of autonomic function?

Answer 3

increased heart rate when you see a person you fear

Question 4

Muscarinic receptors

Answer 4

are normally activated by Ach

Question 5

Alzheimer disease is characterized by all of the following, except that it

Answer 5

has a clear genetic basis

Question 6

A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in

Answer 6

both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through a vessel

Question 7

In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

Answer 7

both myelinated and short; unmyelinated and long

Question 8

Sympathomimetic drugs might be used to

Answer 8

dilate airways

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a visceral reflex?

Answer 9

defacation reflex
vomiting reflex
pupillary reflex
ejaculation in response to tactile stimuli

Question 10

Drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic activation are called sympathomimetic drugs. Which of the following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sympathomimetic drug?

Answer 10

decreased blood pressure

Question 11

Which of the following visceral reflexes is not coordinated by the medulla oblongata?

Answer 11

pupillary reflex

Question 12

A state of unconsciousness in which an individual can be aroused by normal stimuli is

Answer 12

sleep

Question 13

The suprarenal medullae (adrenal glands) secrete

Answer 13

both epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 14

Changes in the central nervous system that accompany aging include

Answer 14

• reduction in brain size and weight
• decrease in the number of neurons
• decreased blood flow to the brain

Question 15

Ganglionic neurons innervate such things as

Answer 15

• smooth muscle
• cardiac muscle
• adipose tissue
• glands

Question 16

An age-related decline in mental function characterized by difficulties with spatial orientation, memory, language, and personality is called

Answer 16

senile dementia

Question 17

Sympathetic nerves

Answer 17

are bundles of postsynaptic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity

Question 18

In the sympathetic nervous system, where are the preganglionic neurons located?

Answer 18

thoracic and lumber segments of the spinal cord

Question 19

Drugs that block nicotinic receptors could

Answer 19

• suppress the transmission of nerve impulses in the autonomic nervous system
• suppress the generation of an action potential
• be classified as anti-cholinergic agents
• cause skeletal muscle paralysis

Question 20

Dual innervation of an organ

Answer 20

implies that the organ is receiving input from both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when

Answer 21

sympathetic stimulation is increased

Question 22

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 22

• open chemically gated sodium channels

- when activated cause a membrane depolarization

Question 23

Stumulation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors by NE results in

Answer 23

Release of Ca+ ions from intracellular stores

Question 24

The statement “its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ” is

Answer 24

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 25

Parasympathetic stimulation

Answer 25

increases gastric motility

Question 26

Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon

Answer 26

both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation

Question 27

Mechanisms involved in memory formation and storage involve all of the following

Answer 27

- facilitation at synapses - formation of additional synaptic connections - the formation of memory engrams - increase release of neurotransmitters

Question 28

Parasympathetic blocking agents would be useful in treating

Answer 28

urinary incontinence (inability to control bladder muscle contractions)

Question 29

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is true

Answer 29

- the ganglionic neurons always release Ach - preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord - ganglion neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors - the actions of parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division

Question 30

Depending on their location and function, postganglionic sympathetic axons can release which of the following neurotransmitters at their effector junctions?

Answer 30

- Ach - NE - nitric oxide

Question 31

The conscious state is maintained by the

Answer 31

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 32

An inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergy might contain a drug that

Answer 32

Activates adrenergic receptors or blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Question 33

A neuron with nicotinic receptors is exposed to acetylcholine. This will lead to

Answer 33

activation of chemically gated ion channels, excitation of the neuron, and entry of sodium ion

Question 34

Parasympathetic functions include all of the following

Answer 34

- stimulation of defecation - stimulation of urination - decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction - constriction of the pupils

Question 35

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

Answer 35

ganglionic neurons

Question 36

In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

Answer 36

both myelinated and long; unmyelinated and short

Question 37

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Answer 37

- dilation of pupils - reduced circulation to the skin - increased sweat secretion - increased blood flow to skeletal muscles

Question 38

Which of the following is essential for memory consolidation

Answer 38

hippocampus

Question 39

A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors.

Answer 39

beta-1 adrenergic

Question 40

Postganglionic fibers release neurotransmitter on peripheral effectors

Answer 40

at pearl-like swellings called varicosities

Question 41

Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating

Answer 41

excessive heart rate

Question 42

Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells results in

Answer 42

formation of cAMP, increased heart rate, increased force of contraction

Question 43

The stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors can lead to

Answer 43

- increase in metabolic activity - inhibition of airway smooth muscle - breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes

Question 44

After arousal by a sensory stimulus, consciousness can be maintained by positive feedback, because of activity in the

Answer 44

- cerebral cortex - basal nuclei - sensory pathways - motor pathways

Question 45

which of the following would lead to increased heart rate?

Answer 45

both increased sympathetic input and decreased sympathetic input

Question 46

Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it

Answer 46

allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options

Question 47

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system can lead to which of the following?

Answer 47

- elevated heart rate - elevated blood pressure - sweating - elevated blood glucose

Question 48

Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead. Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type?

Answer 48

a sweat gland (generalized)

Question 49

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)

Answer 49

digestion

Question 50

Drugs that stimulate alpha receptors, causing constriction of peripheral vessels, are

Answer 50

sympathomimetric