Block 7: The Endocrine System Flashcards
For the body to function all together as a whole, what must occur to maintain homeostasis?
cells and organs must communicate to coordinate activities
What is the function of the Endocrine system?
produce and secrete hormones that regulate the activity of cells/organs to maintain homeostasis
GH
Growth Hormone
Function: stimulates widespread growth
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: most tissues, especially bone, skeletal muscle, liver, cartilage, and fat
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Function: stimulates growth of thyroid gland and secretion of its hormones
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: thyroid gland
FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Function: stimulates sperm/oocyte production and estrogen secretion
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: testes/ovaries
LH
Lutienizing Hormone
Function: triggers ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: testes/ovaries
PL
Prolactin
Function: stimulates milk synthesis
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: mammary glands
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Function: stimulates growth of adrenal cortex, secretion of glucocorticoids
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: adrenal cortex
ADH
Anti-Diuretic Hormone
Function: promotes water retention in kidneys
Producer: hypothalamus/stored in posterior pituitary
Target: kidneys
OT
Oxytocin
Function: stimulates uterine contractions and milk release during suckling
Producer: hypothalamus/stored in posterior pituitary
Target: uterus and mammary glands
T3 & T4
Function: increases metabolic rate and heat production
Producer: thyroid gland by follicular cells
Target: most tissues
Calcitonin
Function: inhibits osteoclasts thereby decreasing blood calcium levels
Producer: C cells in thyroid gland
Target: osteoclasts in bone
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone
Function: stimulates osteoclasts thereby increasing blood calcium levels
Producer: parathyroid gland
Target: osteoclasts in bone
Aldosterone
Function: decreases sodium and water loss in urine/maintains blood pressure and volume
Producer: zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex
Target: kidneys
Cortisol
Function: promotes stress resistance/stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and tissue repair
Producer: zonafasciculata of adrenal cortex
Target: most tissues
DHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Function: precursor of testosterone/indirectly promotes growth of bones, pubic hair, axillary hair, and apocrine glands/stimulates libido
Producer: zona reticularis of adrenal cortex
Target: many tissues
E & NE
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Function: promotes fight or flight response
Producer: adrenal medulla
Target: most tissues
Insulin
Function: decreases blood glucose levels by stimulating its uptake
Producer: beta cells in pancreas
Target: most tissues
Glucagon
Function: stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver thereby increasing blood glucose
Producer: alpha cells in pancreas
Target: liver
Estradiol
Function: stimulates female reproductive development/regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Producer: ovaries
Target: uterus, mammary glands, and other tissues
Progesterone
Function: regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Producer: ovaries
Target: uterus and mammary glands
Testosterone
Function: stimulates male reproductive development, sperm production, and libido
Producer: testes
Target: testes, muscles, and other tissues
Melatonin
Function: may influence mood, sexual maturation, and circadian rhythm
Producer: pineal gland
Target: other brain regions
Thymosin
Function: stimulates T lymphocyte development and activity
Producer: thymus
Target: T cells
