Block 7: The Endocrine System

Question 1

For the body to function all together as a whole, what must occur to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 1

cells and organs must communicate to coordinate activities

Question 2

What is the function of the Endocrine system?

Answer 2

produce and secrete hormones that regulate the activity of cells/organs to maintain homeostasis

Question 3

GH

Answer 3

Growth Hormone

Function: stimulates widespread growth
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: most tissues, especially bone, skeletal muscle, liver, cartilage, and fat

Question 4

TSH

Answer 4

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Function: stimulates growth of thyroid gland and secretion of its hormones
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: thyroid gland

Question 5

FSH

Answer 5

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Function: stimulates sperm/oocyte production and estrogen secretion
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: testes/ovaries

Question 6

LH

Answer 6

Lutienizing Hormone

Function: triggers ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: testes/ovaries

Question 7

PL

Answer 7

Prolactin

Function: stimulates milk synthesis
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: mammary glands

Question 8

ACTH

Answer 8

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Function: stimulates growth of adrenal cortex, secretion of glucocorticoids
Producer: anterior pituitary
Target: adrenal cortex

Question 9

ADH

Answer 9

Anti-Diuretic Hormone

Function: promotes water retention in kidneys
Producer: hypothalamus/stored in posterior pituitary
Target: kidneys

Question 10

OT

Answer 10

Oxytocin

Function: stimulates uterine contractions and milk release during suckling
Producer: hypothalamus/stored in posterior pituitary
Target: uterus and mammary glands

Question 11

T3 & T4

Answer 11

Function: increases metabolic rate and heat production
Producer: thyroid gland by follicular cells
Target: most tissues

Question 12

Calcitonin

Answer 12

Function: inhibits osteoclasts thereby decreasing blood calcium levels
Producer: C cells in thyroid gland
Target: osteoclasts in bone

Question 13

PTH

Answer 13

Parathyroid Hormone

Function: stimulates osteoclasts thereby increasing blood calcium levels
Producer: parathyroid gland
Target: osteoclasts in bone

Question 14

Aldosterone

Answer 14

Function: decreases sodium and water loss in urine/maintains blood pressure and volume
Producer: zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex
Target: kidneys

Question 15

Cortisol

Answer 15

Function: promotes stress resistance/stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and tissue repair
Producer: zonafasciculata of adrenal cortex
Target: most tissues

Question 16

DHEA

Answer 16

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Function: precursor of testosterone/indirectly promotes growth of bones, pubic hair, axillary hair, and apocrine glands/stimulates libido
Producer: zona reticularis of adrenal cortex
Target: many tissues

Question 17

E & NE

Answer 17

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

Function: promotes fight or flight response
Producer: adrenal medulla
Target: most tissues

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

Function: decreases blood glucose levels by stimulating its uptake
Producer: beta cells in pancreas
Target: most tissues

Question 19

Glucagon

Answer 19

Function: stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver thereby increasing blood glucose
Producer: alpha cells in pancreas
Target: liver

Question 20

Estradiol

Answer 20

Function: stimulates female reproductive development/regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Producer: ovaries
Target: uterus, mammary glands, and other tissues

Question 21

Progesterone

Answer 21

Function: regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Producer: ovaries
Target: uterus and mammary glands

Question 22

Testosterone

Answer 22

Function: stimulates male reproductive development, sperm production, and libido
Producer: testes
Target: testes, muscles, and other tissues

Question 23

Melatonin

Answer 23

Function: may influence mood, sexual maturation, and circadian rhythm
Producer: pineal gland
Target: other brain regions

Question 24

Thymosin

Answer 24

Function: stimulates T lymphocyte development and activity
Producer: thymus
Target: T cells