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HYMS Y1 > Block 5 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Block 5 Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Alendronic acid - class?

A

Nitrogen containing bisphosphonate

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2
Q

Alendronic acid - MoA?

A

Inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase.

Inhibits osteoclastic activity so reduced bone resorption.

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3
Q

Alendronic acid - uses?

A

Osteoporosis

Paget’s disease

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4
Q

Calciferol - class?

A

Vitamin D agonist

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5
Q

Calciferol - MoA?

A

Increases mobilisation of Ca2+ in bones.

Prevents maturation of osteoclasts.

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6
Q

Calciferol - uses?

A

Vitamin D deficiency

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7
Q

Calcitonin - class?

A

Thyroid hormone

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8
Q

Calcitonin - target?

A

Calcitonin receptor (GPCR) on osteoclasts

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9
Q

Calcitonin - MoA?

A

Enhances production of vitamin D producing enzymes.
Improves Ca2+ retention.
Increases bone density.

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10
Q

Calcitonin - uses?

A

Post-menopausal osteoporosis

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11
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy - class?

A

Sex hormones

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12
Q

HRT - target?

A

Osteoblasts

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13
Q

HRT - MoA?

A

Stimulates osteoblastic activity -> more bone deposition.

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14
Q

Raloxifene - class?

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

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15
Q

Raloxifene - target?

A

Oestrogen receptors

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16
Q

Raloxifene - MoA?

A

Reduces bone resorption
Increases bone density
Inhibits proliferation of preosteoclastic cells

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17
Q

Codeine - class?

A

Opioid receptor agonist

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18
Q

Codeine - target?

A

Mu opioid receptors

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19
Q

Codeine - MoA?

A

Decrease intracellular cAMP -> inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmitters.
Close N-type Ca2+ channels and open Ca2+ dependent K+ channels -> hyper-repolarisation.

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20
Q

Codeine - uses?

A

Analgesic

Cough suppressant

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21
Q

Pethidine - class

A

Opioid receptor agonist (kappa receptors)

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22
Q

Pethidine - MoA

A

Decrease intracellular cAMP -> inhibition of nociceptive NTs.
Hyper-repolarisation.

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23
Q

Pethidine - uses

A

Severe pain management

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24
Q

Lidocaine - class

A

Na+ channel blocker - local anaethetic

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25
Q

Lidocaine - MoA

A

Block voltage-gated Na+ channels so prevents initiation and transmission of APs.
Blocks the channels during phase 0 of cardiac AP.

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26
Q

Lidocaine - uses

A

Local anaethetic
Peripheral nerve block
Ventricular tachyarrthymias

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27
Q

Tramadol - class

A

Opioid receptor agonist (O-desmethyl M1)

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28
Q

Tramadol - MoA

A

Decrease intracellular cAMP -> inhibits nociceptive NTs.

Hyper-repolarisation

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29
Q

Tramadol - uses

A

Post-operative pain

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30
Q

Dobutamine - class

A

Beta adrenoceptor agonist (B1)

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31
Q

Dobutamine - MoA

A

Binds B1 in heart -> increases contractility, stroke volume and cardiac output.

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32
Q

Isoprenaline - class

A

Beta adrenoceptor agonist (B1 and B2)

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33
Q

Isoprenaline - MoA

A

Increases intracellular cAMP -> relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilator).

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34
Q

Isoprenaline - uses

A

Mild asthma
COPD
Heart block

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35
Q

Salbutamol - class

A

Beta adrenoceptor agonist (B2)

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36
Q

Salbutamol - MoA

A

Binds B2 in lungs -> smooth muscle relaxation (increased cAMP) and inhibits mediators of mast cells.
Bronchodilator

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37
Q

Salbutamol - uses

A

Bronchospasm relief e.g. asthma, COPD

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38
Q

Salmeterol - class

A

Beta adrenoceptor agonist (B2)

39
Q

Salmeterol - MoA

A

Lung smooth muscle relaxation -> bronchodilator.

Longer lasting than salbutamol.

40
Q

Noradrenaline - class

A

Alpha adrenoceptor agonist

41
Q

Noradrenaline - MoA

A

Peripheral vasoconstriction and inotropic stimulator

42
Q

Noradrenaline - uses

A

Vasodilatory shock treatment

43
Q

Phenoxybenzamine - class

A

Alpha adrenoceptor antagonist

44
Q

Phenoxybenzamine - MoA

A

Blocks alpha receptors -> muscle relaxation and vasodilation.
Lowers BP

45
Q

Phenoxybenzamine - uses

A

Pheochromocytoma

Hypertension

46
Q

Prazosin - class

A

Alpha adrenoceptor antagonist (A1)

47
Q

Prazosin - MoA

A

Inhibits vasoconstrictor effects -> lowers BP.

48
Q

Prazosin - uses

A

Hypertension

Severe congestive heart failure

49
Q

Muscarine - class

A

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist

50
Q

Muscarinic - MoA

A

Mimics ACh

51
Q

Pilocarpine - class

A

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist

52
Q

Pilocarpine - MoA

A

Contraction of ciliary muscles

53
Q

Pilocarpine - uses

54
Q

Atracurium - class

A

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist

55
Q

Atracurium - MoA

A

Competitively binds nicotinic receptors on motor end plates -> muscle relaxant.

56
Q

Botulinum A toxin - class

A

ACh release inhibitor

57
Q

Botulinum A toxin - MoA

A

Inhibits release of ACh from presynaptic terminal.

Causes parasympathetic paralysis.

58
Q

Botulinum A toxin - uses

A

Cervical dystonia

Prevent hypersalivation and spasticity

59
Q

Cocaine - class

A

Na+ channel blocker / NA reuptake inhibitor

60
Q

Cocaine - MoA

A

Inhibits excitation of nerve endings and blocks conduction in peripheral nerves. Inactivates Na+ channels -> local anaesthesia. Vasoconstrictor.

61
Q

Cocaine - uses

A

Local anaesthesia to nasal, oral and laryngeal cavities.

62
Q

Dexamphetamine - class

A

NA releaser

63
Q

Dexamphetamine - MoA

A

Stimulates release of NA

64
Q

Dexamphetamine - uses

A

ADHD

Narcolepsy

65
Q

Dopamine - class

A

Neurotransmitter

66
Q

Dopamine - MoA

A

Produces coordinated movement.

Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects.

67
Q

Dopamine - uses

A

Parkinson’s

68
Q

Fluoxetine - class

69
Q

Fluoxetine - MoA

A

Blocks uptake transporters of serotonin so more available.

70
Q

Fluoxetine - uses

A

Major depressive disorder

Anxiety

71
Q

Hemicholinium - class

A

Choline reuptake inhibitor

72
Q

Hemicholinium - MoA

A

Blocks transport of choline back into nerve terminal -> no ACh made.

73
Q

Imipramine - class

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

74
Q

Imipramine - MoA

A

Prevents reuptake of serotonin and NA

75
Q

Imipramine - uses

A

Depression

ADHD

76
Q

L-DOPA - class

A

Dopamine precursor

77
Q

L-DOPA - MoA

A

Increases dopamine in substantia nigra

78
Q

L-DOPA - uses

A

Parkinson’s

79
Q

Nicotine - class

A

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist

80
Q

Nicotine - MoA

A

Stimulant of limbic system, releases dopamine and indirect release of adrenaline.
Raises BP and HR.

81
Q

Nicotine - uses

A

Aids smoking cessation

82
Q

Phenelzine - class

A

MAO inhibitor

83
Q

Phenelzine - MoA

A

Irreversible non-selective inhibitor of MAO

84
Q

Phenelzine - uses

A

Depression

85
Q

Pralidoxime - class

A

Cholinesterase reactivator

86
Q

Pralidoxime - MoA

A

Cleaves phosphate-ester bond between AChE and toxin.

87
Q

Pralidoxime - uses

A

Sarin poisoning

88
Q

Sarin - class

A

Anticholinesterase

89
Q

Sarin - MoA

A

Irreversibly binds to AChE on active site.

90
Q

Sarin - uses

A

Chemical weapon

91
Q

Tropicamide - class

A

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist

92
Q

Tropicamide - MoA

A

Blocks muscarinic receptors (M4) in eye -> pupil dilation and relaxation of lens.

93
Q

Tropicamide - uses

A

Diagnostic optician procedures

HYMS Y1 (25 decks)

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