Block 2 Pharmacology

Question 1

Diamorphine - class

Answer 1

Opioid analgesic - mu receptor agonist

Question 2

Diamorphine - uses

Answer 2

Severe pain

Question 3

Oxygen - MoA

Answer 3

Increases oxygen supply to body tissues - for less than 88% O2 stat.

Question 4

Oxygen - uses

Answer 4

Hypoxia, hypoxaemia

Question 5

Digoxin - class

Answer 5

Cardiac glycoside

Question 6

Digoxin - MoA

Answer 6

Inhibits Na+/K+ATPase -> increases stroke volume, ejection fraction and decreases HR.
Increases slope of phase 4 depolarisation, shortens AP duration and decreases diastolic potential.

Question 7

Digoxin - uses

Answer 7

Heart failure

Supraventricular arrythmias e.g. AF

Question 8

Atenolol - class

Answer 8

Beta-blocker - beta-adrenoceptor antagonist

Question 9

Atenolol - MoA

Answer 9

Competitively inhibits B1 adrenergic receptors in heart and vascular smooth muscle -> inhibition of sympathetic stimulation and causes negative inotropic effect.
Reduces HR, CO, systolic and diastolic BP.

Question 10

Atenolol - uses

Answer 10

Hypertension, angina, MI

Question 11

Propanolol - class

Answer 11

Beta-blocker - beta-adrenoceptor antagonist

Question 12

Propanolol - MoA

Answer 12

Competitively inhibits B1 and B2 adrenoceptors.

Reduces HR, CO, BP.

Question 13

Propanolol - uses

Answer 13

Hypertension, angina, MI

Question 14

Bendroflumethiazide - class

Answer 14

Thiazide diuretic

Question 15

Bendroflumethiazide - MoA

Answer 15

Sodium chloride transporter inhibitor - targets Na+/Cl- transporter in distal nephron -> binds Cl- site on transporter and inhibits Cl- reabsorption -> more Cl-, Na+ and water excreted.

Question 16

Bendroflumethiazide - uses

Answer 16

Hypertension, heart-failure related oedema.

Question 17

Amiodarone - class

Answer 17

Antiarrhythmic - class III

Question 18

Amiodarone - MoA

Answer 18

Blocks K+ channels involved in cardiac repolarisation -> prolongs AP duration.
Non-competitive alpha and beta-adrenergic inhibitor.

Question 19

Amiodarone - uses

Answer 19

Tachycardia associated with Wolff-Parksinson-White syndrome. Ventricular arrhythmias.

Question 20

Warfarin - class

Answer 20

Anticoagulant

Question 21

Warfarin - MoA

Answer 21

Competitively inhibits vitamin K reductase - prevents synthesis of Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors (2, 7, 9, 10) -> reduces clotting.

Question 22

Warfarin - uses

Answer 22

DVT, PE, cardiomyopathy and AF.

Question 23

Ramipril - class

Answer 23

ACE inhibitor

Question 24

Ramipril - MoA

Answer 24

Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) - prevents cleavage of angiotensin I into II.
Inhibits deactivation of bradykinin - responsible for vasodilation and increased BP.

Question 25

Ramipril - uses

Answer 25

Essential and renovascular hypertension.

Question 26

Norepinephrine - class

Answer 26

Alpha-adrenoceptor agonist

Question 27

Norepinephrine - MoA

Answer 27

Binds to alpha-adrenoceptors and causes peripheral vascular vasoconstriction and coronary artery dilation.
Inotropic stimulator.

Question 28

Norepinephrine - uses

Answer 28

Septic shock, anaphylactic shock.

Question 29

Verapamil - class

Answer 29

Antiarryhthmic - class IV

Question 30

Verapamil - MoA

Answer 30

Inhibits L-type voltage gated Ca2+ channel - prevents uptake of Ca2+ into cardiac muscles -> reduces inotropy, chronotropy. Reduces HR and BP.

Question 31

Verapamil - uses

Answer 31

Hypertension and angina.