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HYMS Y1 > Block 5 Anatomy > Flashcards

Block 5 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum

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2
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

Shoulder girdle
Upper limb
Pelvic girdle
Lower limb

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3
Q

What is the feature, function and example of long bone?

A

Cylinder-like shape, longer than it is wide.
Leverage
Radius, femur, metacarpals, phalanges

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4
Q

What is the feature, function and example of short bone?

A

Cube-like shape, approximately equal in length, width and thickness.
Stability, support & allows motion.
Tarsals, carpals.

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5
Q

What is the feature, function and example of flat bone?

A

Thin and curved.
Muscle attachment, protects internal organs.
Scapulae, sternum, cranial bones.

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6
Q

What is the feature, function and example of irregular bones?

A

Complex shape.
Protects internal organs.
Vertebrae, facial bones.

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7
Q

What is the feature, function and example of pneumatic bones?

A

Contain air-filled spaces.
Reduce overall weight, distribution forces, maintain tone of voice.
Mailla, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, mastoid.

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of compact bone?

A

Dense
Forms surface of bone
Thickened in diaphysis.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of cancellous bone?

A

Spongy network of trabeculae
Located on interior of bone
Located at articular ends of the bones.

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10
Q

What is an epiphysis?

A

Ends of long bones that develop from secondary ossification sites.

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11
Q

What is diaphysis?

A

Shaft which is the primary ossification centre of the bone.

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12
Q

What is metaphysis?

A

Expanded, flared up ends of the shaft.

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13
Q

What are the features of fibrous joints?

A

Fibrous tissue
No joint cavity
Permit little movement

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14
Q

Examples of fibrous joints?

A

Sutures - flat bones of the skull

Syndesmoses - inferior tibiofibular

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15
Q

What are the features of cartilaginous joints?

A

Cartilage
No joint cavity
Primary cartilaginous joints
Secondary cartilaginous joints

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16
Q

What are the features of primary cartilaginous joints and examples?

A 
Hyaline cartilage
No movement
Allows growth in length
e.g. epiphyseal growth plate
manubriosternal synchondroses
17
Q

What are the features of secondary cartilaginous joints and examples?

A

Fibrocartilage
Slightly moveable
e.g. pubic symphysis
intervertebral discs.

18
Q

What are the features of synovial joints?

A 
Great degree of free movement
Joint cavity
Synovial membrane
Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
19
Q

What are plane joints?

A

Two flat articulating surfaces
Simple gliding or sliding movement
e.g. inter tarsal joints & sternoclavicular

20
Q

What are hinge joints?

A

Door hinge
Flexion & extension
e.g. Elbow, ankle & inter pharyngeal joints.

21
Q

What are pivot joints?

A

Central bony pivot turning within bony ring
Rotation
e.g. atlantoaxial joint & radioulnar

22
Q

What are saddle joints?

A

Flexion, extension. abduction, adduction & circumduction.
e.g. carpometacarpal (thumb) joint

23
Q

What are condyloid joints?

A

2 convex articulating with 2 concave.
Flexion and extension
e.g. wrist, knee & atlantooccipital joints

24
Q

What are ball-socket joints?

A

Ball head and cup cavity
All movement
e.g. shoulder & hip joint.

25
Q

What is a skeletal muscle and what are its functions?

A 
Voluntary & striated muscle
- produce movement
- generates body heat
- maintains posture
2 attachments - origin & insertion
26
Q

What are tendons?

A

Fibrous bands that connect muscle to bone.

  • allows muscles to act at a distance
  • allows changes in line of pull
  • stores elastic energy
27
Q

Example of a circular muscle?

A

Orbicularis orbis

28
Q

Example of a convergent muscle?

A

Pectoralis major

29
Q

Example of parallel (fusiform) muscle?

A

Biceps brachii

30
Q

Example of parallel (non-fusiform) muscle?

A

Sartorius

31
Q

Example of unipennate muscle?

A

Extensor digitorum

32
Q

Example of bipinnate muscle?

A

Rectus femoris

33
Q

Example of multipennate muscle?

A

Deltoid

34
Q

Define agonist muscles?

A

The primary muscle involved in a movement of muscles.

35
Q

Define synergist muscles?

A

The associated muscles that aid the movement of the agonist muscles.

36
Q

Define antagonist muscles?

A

Action is opposite to that of agonist muscle.

37
Q

What is a cartilage-line groove?

A

Tendons run along this. e.g. groove for fibularis longus

38
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

Bones contained within tendons

e.g. patella

39
Q

What is a bursa?

A

Fluid filled flattened sacs of synovial membrane that reduces friction. e.g. supra patellar bursa.

HYMS Y1 (25 decks)

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