Block 4 Quiz Flashcards

Question

Hook Worms: A. duodenale vs. N. Americanus

Answer 1

A. duodenale: - Big/thick - Anterior end curves with body - Buccal capsule (6 teeth) - Copulating bursa (13rays & 2 spicules) - Females have a posterior spine & vulvar opening in the middle of the body

Answer 2

String Test ELISA

Answer 3

Thickening colon & Liver lesions

Answer 4

Chagas disease reduviid South America (poor) Romana sign (swollen eyelid)

Answer 5

Swimming pools/stagnant water PAM (Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis)

Answer 6

CD4 & CD25

Answer 7

Kidney stones Rod-shaped Produces lots of urease causing build-up of ammonia, this makes urine more alkaline & causes kidney stones if untreated.

Answer 8

Tertian malaria (fever every 48hrs) Lie dormant in the liver as sporozoites & cause relapse Dark urine & Kala-azar (Black fever symptoms)

Answer 9

Malignant tertiary (no fever pattern) Lie dormant as Hypnozoites in liver & mature into Schizonts (multinucleated) Dark urine & Kala-azar (Black fever) darkens the skin

Answer 10

Patho: -Defective NOX (NADPH Oxidase) means no ROS production & no Superoxide in neutrophils or macrophages, reducing their respiratory burst Cause: Recurrent infections of catalase + bacteria (S. aureus, E.coli, Candida, Nocardia etc) Normally: NADPH oxidase subunits are phosphorylated, activating Rac2, & translocating cytosolic proteins to the membrane (via changing protein-protein & protein-lipid interactions) = end product is superoxide (Caboom bacteria)

Answer 11

Cassoni test to observe Hydated cysts

Answer 12

Toxoplasmosis undercooked pork or contaminated cat poop

Answer 13

Malignant tertiary malaria P. faciparum female

Answer 14

Natural killer cells

Answer 15

Gametocytes are banana-shaped. & P. falciparum is elongated & crescent-shaped Malignant tertiary malaria doesn't have a fever pattern

Answer 16

Primaquine DOC (For relapse) & Chloroquine (for uncomplicated malaria)

Answer 17

Hypersensitivity 1 IgE is formed via initial exposure & binds Basophils & Mast cells 2nd exposure to the same antigen triggers Basophiles & Mast cells to release histamine Causing smooth muscle contraction (bronchoconstriction etc)

Answer 18

IL4 is major in allergies & autoimmune diseases, it's released via mast, Th2 cells, eosinophils, & basophils. It also promotes IL13

Answer 19

Sporothric Schenkii causes lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Grows via decaying plants & Commonly affects gardeners

Answer 20

Rhabditiform larvae hookworm, Ascaris, & whipworm Colicky abdominal pain Severe diarrhea in AIDS (Ancyclostoma duodenal & Necator americanus)

Answer 21

above 100 degrees celcius !

Answer 22

sporotrichosis is associated with traumatic gardening injuries, treatment includes potassium iodide, and Sporothrix appears as a cigar-shaped yeast in culture

Answer 23

Azoles :Miconazole Candida = Nystatin (oral or topical for several months)

Answer 24

Opportunistic Yeast infection Sabouraunds agar (SDA) grows pearl-white pseudohyphae in tissue. Cornmeal agar shows Chlamydospores, blastospores, & pseudohyphae Gram stain: OBGY_PC Gram positive Oval Budding yeast cells

Answer 25

Endo= Trichophyton (Tonsurans, violaceum, schoenleinii) Ecto= Microsporum Wood lamp shows Trichophyton (yellow-green) Microsporum (blue-green)

Answer 26

T. capitis, T.tonsurans (endothrix), or M. capitis (Ectotrix(if dogs are mentioned) Note T. capitis can have a secondary bacterial infection with a kerion (swollen nodule under the initial infection) Causes a hypersensitivity reaction (scaly lesions & large occipital lymph nodes) "ID reaction" Use wood lamp KOH potassium hydroxide to view

Answer 27

CMI immune response

Answer 28

Tape worm: Tenia solium Cysticercosis (infects many body parts) Epilepsy, headache, dizziness CT: Swiss-cheese brain Infection from larval cysts that contain the immature stage of the parasite Vector: Pork Rx. PRAZIQUANTEL & Albendazole (neurocysticercosis)

Answer 29

Muscle biopsy shows cysts enclosed in a capsule & muscles will be in extreme pain Trichinosis (fever, vomit, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgia) UNDERCOOKED MEAT (PORK) Rx Bendazoles

Answer 30

Snails Africa & Middle East Sexually reproduces in the bladder(only one that does this!), liver, & rectum Schistosomiases (urinary schitomiases & bladder cancer) Each species has a different ovum collect & examine the last from of urine after exercise

Answer 31

Epidermophyton floccosum

Answer 32

Malasezzia furfur

Answer 33

Water-borne parasite penetrates skin Snails intermediate host Mansoni egg with lateral spine Lives in mesenteric veins near the intestine Intestinal schistosomiasis Portal hypertension, fibrosis Rx. PRAZIQUANTEL

Answer 34

Patho: It penetrates the skin & becomes a schistosomule (no flagella), enters circulation & ends up in the myenteric veins, eggs infiltrate the intestines and are shed in poop/pee Vector: Freshwater Int vector: They develop in snails before infecting humans Can survive 48hrs outside a host Rx. PRAZIQUANTEL

Answer 35

Dog tape worm Hydatid cysts (eggshell calcification) Int host: Sheep Rx Albendazole if cysts rupture = anaphylaxis

Answer 36

B12 eating Tapeworm (HOUSE MD) Causes megaloblastic anemia Larvae from raw fish Rx. PRAZIQUANTEL, NICLOSAMIDE

Answer 37

Visceral larva migrans (blood) - Inflammed liver, blindness, seizures/coma, myocarditis Fecal oral transmission Rx. Bendazoles

Answer 38

Skin changes lose elastic fibers Black skin nodules Vector: FEMALE BLACK FLY

Answer 39

Swollen skin Worm in conjunctiva Vector: Deer, horse, mango flies Rx Diethylcarbamazine

Answer 40

Loose stools, anemia, rectal prolapse in kids Fecal oral route Rx Bendazoles

Answer 41

Microcytic anemia (suck blood in intestines) Cutaneous larva migrans (pruritic serpiginous rash) Larva penetrate skin from soil (barefoot) Rx Bendazoles

Answer 42

Block ileocecal valve, biliary- obs, *intestine perforation. Larva migrate from intestines to alveoli causing pulmonary eosinophilia (Loeffler syndrome) FECAL ORAL Knobby-coated oval eggs in poop Rx. Bendazoles

Answer 43

Causes anal pruritus Tape test FECAL ORAL Rx. Bendazoles

Answer 44

Ingested: Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichinella, Trichuris Cutaneous: Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator Bites: Loa loa, Onchocera volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 45

Viseral (kala-azar) spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia. Cutaneous skin ulcers SANDFLY Macrophages contain amastigotes Rx. Metronidazole

Answer 46

Babesiosis (fever + hemolytic anemia) Asplenia (can't clear infected RBCs) IXODES Tick Blood smear shows rings or maltese cross Rx Atovaquone + Azithromycin

Answer 47

Malaria: Feve, headache, anemia, splenomegaly, Hypoglycemia in severe disease P. vivax/ovale 48hr fever tertian (first & third day) dormant in the liver P. Malariae 72hr, cycle (quartan) P. Falciparum no fever pattern, parasitized RBC's adhere & block capillaries in the brain (cerebral), kidneys, lungs Female ANOPHELES MOSQUITO Blood smear: trophozoite ring in RBC, Schizont with merozoites, red granules (Schuffner) Rx. Chloroquine (sensitive), Mefloquine, atovaquine/proguanil (chloroquine resistant) A-SCHIZONT B-P.VIVAX/OVALE

Answer 48

African sleeping sickness Winter bottom sign (enlarged cervial lymph nodes) Reoccuring fever (antigenic variation) Coma TSETSE FLY (OUCH!) Trypomastigotes in blood smear CNS Melarsoprol Blood Suramin

Answer 49

Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis Swimming (sneaks in via cribriform plate) Amoebas in CSF Rx Amphotercin B

Answer 50

Mononucleosis-likke syndrome in AIDS (heterophile Neg) RING ENHANCING LESIONS !!!!!! MRI Congenital toxoplasmosis (chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, & intracranial calcification) Cysts in meat Oocysts in CAT POOP Biopsy shows tachyzoites or bradyzoites Rx. Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine (TMP-SMX) Prophylaxis when CD4<100

Answer 51

Amebiases Bloody diarrhea, liver absess RUQ pain Flask shaped ulcers Cysts in water Entamoeba Eat Erythrocytes (trophozoites in RBCs or cysts in stool) Rx. Metronidazole, Paromomycin

Answer 52

Daisy head in Cyst Cigar shaped yeast In soil/VEG Diss disease in AIDS Rx. Itraconazole or potassium iodide

Answer 53

Causes pneumocystitis pneumonia Yest like fungus Bilateral ground glass opacities Diag via bronchoalveolar lavage Disc shaped yest on methenamine silver stain Rx TMP+SMX, Pentamidine

Answer 54

Head/scalp scaling alopecia

Answer 55

Scaly rings on skin (like pin worm) from pets or farm animals

Answer 56

Jock itchh

Answer 57

Athletes foot

Answer 58

Caused by Malassezia spp Yeast fungus degradation of lipids makes acids that inhibit tyrosinase hyper/hypo-pigmentation SPAGHETTI & MEATBALLS on microscopy Treat selenium sulfide, topical antifungals Diagnosis – KOH microscopy – “angular hyphae and clusters of blastospores”

Answer 59

Cat-scratch

Answer 60

Lyme disease

Answer 61

Relapsing fever

Answer 62

Cellulitis, osteomyelitis Animal bite, cats, dogs Epidemic typhus Human to human via human body louse Dermacentor (dog tick) Rickettsia typhi Endemic typhus Fleas

Answer 63

(except S typhi) Diarrhea (which may be bloody), vomiting, fever, abdominal cramps Reptiles and poultry Plague Fleas (rats and prairie dogs are reservoirs)

Answer 64

Ehrlichiosis Amblyomma (Lone Star tick) Tularemia Ticks, rabbits, deer flies Leptospirosis Animal urine in water; recreational water use

Answer 65

Brucellosis/undulant fever Unpasteurized dairy Campylobacter Bloody diarrhea Feces from infected pets/animals; contaminated meats/foods/hands Psittacosis Parrots, other birds Q fever Aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid

Answer 66

ABC = Africa, Blindness, Chronic infection.

Answer 67

Urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough) with eosinophilia, neonatal conjunctivitis (1–2 weeks after birth).

Answer 68

Lymphogranuloma venereum—small, painless ulcers on genitals swollen, painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerate (buboes). Treat with doxycycline.