- Picornavirus (Naked + Icosahedral) - Hepevirus (Naked + Icosahedral) - Calicivirus (Naked + Icosahedral) - Flavivirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral) - Togavirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral) - Retrovirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral) - Coronavirus (Enveloped + Helical)

- Orthomyxovirus (Enveloped +Helical+ 8 Segs) - Paramyxovirus (Enveloped +Helical) - Rhabdovirus (Enveloped + Helical) - Filovirus (Enveloped + Helical)

- Arenavirus (Enveloped + Helical+ 2Seg) - Bunyavirus (Enveloped +Helical+ 3Seg) - HDV (Enveloped + Incomplete + DDDP)

Block 3 Q2 (good copy) Flashcards by isabelle courtney

Linear +ssRNA

Picornavirus (Naked + Icosahedral)
Hepevirus (Naked + Icosahedral)
Calicivirus (Naked + Icosahedral)
Flavivirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral)
Togavirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral)
Retrovirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral)
Coronavirus (Enveloped + Helical)

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Linear dsDNA (Icosahedral+complex)

Adenovirus (naked)
Herpesvirus (enveloped)
Poxvirus (enveloped)

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Circular dsDNA (Icosahedral)

Polyomavirus (Naked)
Papillomavirus (Naked)
Hepadnavirus (Incomplete & Enveloped)

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Linear ssDNA (Icosahedral)

Parvovirus

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dsRNA
Reovirus (Naked + Icosahedral)

Linear ssDNA (Icosahedral)
Parvovirus

Reovirus (Naked + Icosahedral)

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Linear -ssRNA

Orthomyxovirus (Enveloped +Helical+ 8 Segs)
Paramyxovirus (Enveloped +Helical)
Rhabdovirus (Enveloped + Helical)
Filovirus (Enveloped + Helical)

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Circular -ssRNA

Arenavirus (Enveloped + Helical+ 2Seg)
Bunyavirus (Enveloped +Helical+ 3Seg)
HDV (Enveloped + Incomplete + DDDP)

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Parvovirus
“LSD Is Narcotic”

Linear ssDNA +Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = B19 virus

Symptoms of B19:
- Hydrops fetalis
- Aplastic anemia
- Erythema infectiosum (5th disease (red-slapped cheeks)

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Adenovirus
“Nice DILDo”

Linear dsDNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = Adenovirus

Symptoms of adenovirus:
- Pharyngitis
- Upper/lower resp tract disease

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Herpesvirus
“Erect DILDo”

Linear dsDNA + Icosahedral + Enveloped

Causes = HSV(1/2), Varicella, Zooster virus, Cytomegalovirus, & Epstein-Barr virus

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Poxvirus (enveloped)
“Erect DilDo”

Linear dsDNA + Enveloped

Causes = Smallpox, Monkeypox, & Molluscum contagiosum

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Picornavirus
“SPLINt”

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = Enteroviruses (Poliovirus, Coxsackie A/B, Echovirus, Hep A) & Rhinovirus

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Hepevirus
“SPLINt”

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = Hep E

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Calicivirus
“SPLINt”

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = Norovirus

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Flavivirus
“SPLIcE”

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Enveloped

Causes = Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Hep C, & Zika virus

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Togavirus
“SPLIcE”

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Enveloped

Causes = Alphaviruses (East/West encephalitis) & Rubella virus

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Retrovirus
“SPLIcE”

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Enveloped

Causes = HIV & Human T-cell lymphoma

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Coronavirus (Enveloped + Helical)
“SHEL”

Linear +ssRNA + Helical + Enveloped

Causes = Coronavirus

Symptoms:
-Resp inf (common cold & SARS)

Polyomavirus
“CaNDID”

Circular dsDNA (Icosahedral + Naked)

Causes = JC virus & BK virus

Symptoms of JCV:
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Symptoms of BKV:
- Immunosuppressed Kidneys

Papillomavirus
“CaNDID”

Circular dsDNA (Icosahedral +Naked)

Causes = HPV

Symptoms of HPV:
- Warts (Papillomas)

Hepadnavirus
“CoDED”

Circular dsDNA (Enveloped)

Causes = Hep B

Reovirus
“DRINk”

dsRNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = HIV & Human T-cell leukemia virus

Parvovirus
“LIDS”

Linear ssDNA +Icosahedral

Causes = B19 virus

Symptoms of B19:
- Hydrops fetalis
- Aplastic anemia
- Erythema infectiosum (5th disease (red-slapped cheeks)

Orthomyxovirus
SHS
“NEgLectS HoRSe”

Linear -ssRNA + Enveloped +Helical+ 8 Segs

Causes = Influenza

Paramyxovirus "NEGLectS HeR"

Linear -ssRNA + Enveloped + Helical Causes = Measles, Mumps, Parainfluenza, & respiratory syncytial viruses

Rhabdovirus "NEGLectS HeR"

Linear -ssRNA +Enveloped + Helical Causes = Rhabies

Filovirus "NEGLectS HeR"

Linear -ssRNA +Enveloped + Helical Causes = Ebola & Marburg

Filovirus (Enveloped + Helical)

Arenavirus "2 NEgative CRuSHeS"

Circular -ssRNA + Enveloped + Helical+ 2Seg Causes = Lymphocytic choriomeningitis & Lassa fever virus

Bunyavirus "3 NEgative CRuSHeS"

Circular -ssRNA +Enveloped +Helical+ 3Seg Causes = Encephalitis & Fever viruses (Korean hemorrhagic fever & Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever) Family includes: Hantaviruses (Sin Nombre virus)

HDV "NEgaTive CRuSHeS"

Circular -ssRNA + Enveloped + Incomplete + DDDP Causes = Hep D (in people inf with Hep B)

Viruses that affect cytotoxic T-cells "CAHH" & Mech

Viruses: - HIV - HSV - CMV - Adenovirus Mech affected: They reduced MHCI therefore reducing T-cell killing

A virus that affect Helper (Th1) T-cells & Mech

Virus: - Measles Mech affected: Blocks IL-12 to reduce TH1 cell formation therefore decreasing CMI

Virus that blocks interferon synthesis & Viruses that block the synthesis of the kinase (means no phosphorylation of IF-2)

Virus (blocks interferon synthesis): - EBV Virus (blocks synthesis of kinase): - HIV - Influenza - HSV

Viruses that affect Interleukins & Mech

Viruses: - Vaccina Mech affected: It encodes IL-1 receptor targets for immune cells to inactivate them

Virus that affect compliment & Mechs

Virus: - HSV Mech affected: Encodes a protein to bind & block the complement pathway via C3b & prevents MAC formation

Viruses that affect chemokines & Mech

Viruses: - Vaccina - CMV Mech affected: Encodes chemokine receptors to block the chemokines & inflammatory cell movement to the infection

Viruses can cause changes in individual cells that are visible in the light microscope after suitable staining. Which one of the following is most characteristic of the changes seen in rabies virus– infected cells? (A) Inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of macrophages (B) Inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of neurons (C) Inclusion bodies in the nucleus of neurons (D) Multinucleated giants cells composed of neurons (E) Multinucleated giants cells composed of macrophages

(B) Inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of neurons

some viruses are known for their ability to cause perinatal infections. Which one of the following viruses is most likely to cause perinatal infections? (A) Cytomegalovirus (B) Epstein–Barr virus (C) JC virus (D) Norovirus (E) Poliovirus

Types of Immunity Active Passive Herd Vaccine

Active (From exposure or vaccination Ab & T-cells) Passive ( Ab acquired from another person/animal) Herd ( From vaccine or infection that spreads to groups) Vaccine (acquired from live/attenuated viruses)

Lab Tests: Genomic: - PCR (rapid detection of bacteria, DNA viruses, & fungi) -RT-PCR (rapid detection of RNA viruses & mRNA expression) -Quantitative RT-PCR (Quantity of virus & mRNA expression) Serology: - ELISA (Ab & Ag) - Immunofluorescence (Detect virus inf) - Western Blot (Specificity of Ab, via proteins) - Flow cytometry (Immune cell pop)

General mechs of antivirals & their viruses: HSV HIV (2) HBV HCV Other Influenza

HSV: - Acyclovir - Ganciclovir - Cidofovir HIV: - Lamivudine & Zidovudine HBV: - Lamivudine - Adefovir HCV: - Sofosbuvir - NS5A inhibitors - Ombitasvir - Ledipasvir Other: Ribavirin Influenza: - Oseltamivir - Zanamivir - Amantadine - Rimantadine

Herpes infections HSV-1 HSV-2 VZV CMV EBV HHV-8 (human herpes virus)

HSV-1: -Painful vesicles on the face HSV-2: - Painful vesicles on the groin/genitals VZV: - Causes varicella (chickenpox) or shingles if it reoccurs CMV: - Infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome EBV: - Infectious mononucleosis HHV-8: - Kaposi's sarcoma

Hepatitis infections Hep A Hep B Hep C Hep D Hep E

Hep A: - Hep B: - Severe hepatitis with a higher risk of chronicity