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Microbiology SJSM > Block 3 Q2 (good copy) > Flashcards

Block 3 Q2 (good copy) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Linear +ssRNA

A
  • Picornavirus (Naked + Icosahedral)
  • Hepevirus (Naked + Icosahedral)
  • Calicivirus (Naked + Icosahedral)
  • Flavivirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral)
  • Togavirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral)
  • Retrovirus (Enveloped + Icosahedral)
  • Coronavirus (Enveloped + Helical)
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2
Q

Linear dsDNA (Icosahedral+complex)

A
  • Adenovirus (naked)
  • Herpesvirus (enveloped)
  • Poxvirus (enveloped)
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3
Q

Circular dsDNA (Icosahedral)

A
  • Polyomavirus (Naked)
  • Papillomavirus (Naked)
  • Hepadnavirus (Incomplete & Enveloped)
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4
Q

Linear ssDNA (Icosahedral)

A
  • Parvovirus
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5
Q

dsRNA
Reovirus (Naked + Icosahedral)

Linear ssDNA (Icosahedral)
Parvovirus

A

Reovirus (Naked + Icosahedral)

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6
Q

Linear -ssRNA

A
  • Orthomyxovirus (Enveloped +Helical+ 8 Segs)
  • Paramyxovirus (Enveloped +Helical)
  • Rhabdovirus (Enveloped + Helical)
  • Filovirus (Enveloped + Helical)
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7
Q

Circular -ssRNA

A
  • Arenavirus (Enveloped + Helical+ 2Seg)
  • Bunyavirus (Enveloped +Helical+ 3Seg)
  • HDV (Enveloped + Incomplete + DDDP)
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8
Q

Parvovirus
“LSD Is Narcotic”

A

Linear ssDNA +Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = B19 virus

Symptoms of B19:
- Hydrops fetalis
- Aplastic anemia
- Erythema infectiosum (5th disease (red-slapped cheeks)

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9
Q

Adenovirus
“Nice DILDo”

A

Linear dsDNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = Adenovirus

Symptoms of adenovirus:
- Pharyngitis
- Upper/lower resp tract disease

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10
Q

Herpesvirus
“Erect DILDo”

A

Linear dsDNA + Icosahedral + Enveloped

Causes = HSV(1/2), Varicella, Zooster virus, Cytomegalovirus, & Epstein-Barr virus

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11
Q

Poxvirus (enveloped)
“Erect DilDo”

A

Linear dsDNA + Enveloped

Causes = Smallpox, Monkeypox, & Molluscum contagiosum

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12
Q

Picornavirus
“SPLINt”

A

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = Enteroviruses (Poliovirus, Coxsackie A/B, Echovirus, Hep A) & Rhinovirus

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13
Q

Hepevirus
“SPLINt”

A

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = Hep E

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14
Q

Calicivirus
“SPLINt”

A

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = Norovirus

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15
Q

Flavivirus
“SPLIcE”

A

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Enveloped

Causes = Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Hep C, & Zika virus

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16
Q

Togavirus
“SPLIcE”

A

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Enveloped

Causes = Alphaviruses (East/West encephalitis) & Rubella virus

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17
Q

Retrovirus
“SPLIcE”

A

Linear +ssRNA + Icosahedral + Enveloped

Causes = HIV & Human T-cell lymphoma

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18
Q
  • Coronavirus (Enveloped + Helical)
    “SHEL”
A

Linear +ssRNA + Helical + Enveloped

Causes = Coronavirus

Symptoms:
-Resp inf (common cold & SARS)

19
Q

Polyomavirus
“CaNDID”

A

Circular dsDNA (Icosahedral + Naked)

Causes = JC virus & BK virus

Symptoms of JCV:
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Symptoms of BKV:
- Immunosuppressed Kidneys

20
Q

Papillomavirus
“CaNDID”

A

Circular dsDNA (Icosahedral +Naked)

Causes = HPV

Symptoms of HPV:
- Warts (Papillomas)

21
Q
  • Hepadnavirus
    “CoDED”
A

Circular dsDNA (Enveloped)

Causes = Hep B

22
Q

Reovirus
“DRINk”

A

dsRNA + Icosahedral + Naked

Causes = HIV & Human T-cell leukemia virus

23
Q

Parvovirus
“LIDS”

A

Linear ssDNA +Icosahedral

Causes = B19 virus

Symptoms of B19:
- Hydrops fetalis
- Aplastic anemia
- Erythema infectiosum (5th disease (red-slapped cheeks)

24
Q

Orthomyxovirus
SHS
“NEgLectS HoRSe”

A

Linear -ssRNA + Enveloped +Helical+ 8 Segs

Causes = Influenza

25
Q

Paramyxovirus

“NEGLectS HeR”

A

Linear -ssRNA + Enveloped + Helical

Causes = Measles, Mumps, Parainfluenza, & respiratory syncytial viruses

26
Q

Rhabdovirus
“NEGLectS HeR”

A

Linear -ssRNA +Enveloped + Helical

Causes = Rhabies

27
Q

Filovirus
“NEGLectS HeR”

A

Linear -ssRNA +Enveloped + Helical

Causes = Ebola & Marburg

28
Q

Filovirus (Enveloped + Helical)

A
29
Q

Arenavirus
“2 NEgative CRuSHeS”

A

Circular -ssRNA + Enveloped + Helical+ 2Seg

Causes = Lymphocytic choriomeningitis & Lassa fever virus

30
Q

Bunyavirus
“3 NEgative CRuSHeS”

A

Circular -ssRNA +Enveloped +Helical+ 3Seg

Causes = Encephalitis & Fever viruses (Korean hemorrhagic fever & Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever)

Family includes: Hantaviruses (Sin Nombre virus)

31
Q

HDV
“NEgaTive CRuSHeS”

A

Circular -ssRNA + Enveloped + Incomplete + DDDP

Causes = Hep D (in people inf with Hep B)

32
Q

Viruses that affect cytotoxic T-cells
“CAHH”
&
Mech

A

Viruses:
- HIV
- HSV
- CMV
- Adenovirus

Mech affected:
They reduced MHCI therefore reducing T-cell killing

33
Q

A virus that affect Helper (Th1) T-cells
&
Mech

A

Virus:
- Measles

Mech affected:
Blocks IL-12 to reduce TH1 cell formation therefore decreasing CMI

34
Q

Virus that blocks interferon synthesis
&
Viruses that block the synthesis of the kinase (means no phosphorylation of IF-2)

A

Virus (blocks interferon synthesis):
- EBV

Virus (blocks synthesis of kinase):
- HIV
- Influenza
- HSV

35
Q

Viruses that affect Interleukins
&
Mech

A

Viruses:
- Vaccina

Mech affected:
It encodes IL-1 receptor targets for immune cells to inactivate them

36
Q

Virus that affect compliment
&
Mechs

A

Virus:
- HSV

Mech affected:
Encodes a protein to bind & block the complement pathway via C3b & prevents MAC formation

37
Q

Viruses that affect chemokines
&
Mech

A

Viruses:
- Vaccina
- CMV

Mech affected:
Encodes chemokine receptors to block the chemokines & inflammatory cell movement to the infection

38
Q

Viruses can cause changes in individual cells that are visible in
the light microscope after suitable staining. Which one of the following is most characteristic of the changes seen in rabies virus–
infected cells?
(A) Inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of macrophages
(B) Inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of neurons
(C) Inclusion bodies in the nucleus of neurons
(D) Multinucleated giants cells composed of neurons
(E) Multinucleated giants cells composed of macrophages

A

(B) Inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of neurons

39
Q

some viruses are known for their ability to cause perinatal infections. Which one of the following viruses is most likely to cause
perinatal infections?
(A) Cytomegalovirus
(B) Epstein–Barr virus
(C) JC virus
(D) Norovirus
(E) Poliovirus

A

(C) JC virus

40
Q

Types of Immunity

Active
Passive
Herd
Vaccine

A

Active (From exposure or vaccination Ab & T-cells)

Passive ( Ab acquired from another person/animal)

Herd ( From vaccine or infection that spreads to groups)

Vaccine (acquired from live/attenuated viruses)

41
Q

Lab Tests:

Genomic:
- PCR (rapid detection of bacteria, DNA viruses, & fungi)

-RT-PCR (rapid detection of RNA viruses & mRNA expression)

-Quantitative RT-PCR (Quantity of virus & mRNA expression)

Serology:

  • ELISA (Ab & Ag)
  • Immunofluorescence (Detect virus inf)
  • Western Blot (Specificity of Ab, via proteins)
  • Flow cytometry (Immune cell pop)
A

Lab Tests:

Genomic:
- PCR (rapid detection of bacteria, DNA viruses, & fungi)

-RT-PCR (rapid detection of RNA viruses & mRNA expression)

-Quantitative RT-PCR (Quantity of virus & mRNA expression)

Serology:

  • ELISA (Ab & Ag)
  • Immunofluorescence (Detect virus inf)
  • Western Blot (Specificity of Ab, via proteins)
  • Flow cytometry (Immune cell pop)
42
Q

General mechs of antivirals & their viruses:

HSV
HIV (2)
HBV
HCV
Other
Influenza

A

HSV:
- Acyclovir
- Ganciclovir
- Cidofovir

HIV:
- Lamivudine & Zidovudine

HBV:
- Lamivudine
- Adefovir

HCV:
- Sofosbuvir
- NS5A inhibitors
- Ombitasvir
- Ledipasvir

Other: Ribavirin

Influenza:
- Oseltamivir
- Zanamivir
- Amantadine
- Rimantadine

43
Q

Herpes infections

HSV-1
HSV-2
VZV
CMV
EBV
HHV-8 (human herpes virus)

A

HSV-1:
-Painful vesicles on the face

HSV-2:
- Painful vesicles on the groin/genitals

VZV:
- Causes varicella (chickenpox) or shingles if it reoccurs

CMV:
- Infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome

EBV:
- Infectious mononucleosis

HHV-8:
- Kaposi’s sarcoma

44
Q

Hepatitis infections

Hep A
Hep B
Hep C
Hep D
Hep E

A

Hep B:
- Severe hepatitis with a higher risk of chronicity

Microbiology SJSM (12 decks)

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