BLOCK 31 - GI and Surgery Flashcards
Metoclopramide MOA and most common side effect
D2 receptor antagonist and is a pro-kinetic antiemetic, meaning it promotes gut peristalsis
most common side effect: Diarrhoea
shld be avoided in bowel obstruction
Why should Metoclopramide be avoided in bowel obstruction?
Because it will promote peristalsis and cause a perforation§
Firstline drug(s) used to maintain remission in patients with Crohnβs
Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine
Hartmannβs procedure
sigmoid colectomy and formation of end stoma
First line oral antibiotic for first episode of C.difficile
Oral vancomycin
Firstline oral antibiotic for patients presenting with a recurrent episode of C.difficile
Oral Fidaxomicin
Which medication should be used for treatment of life-threatening C.difficile?
Oral vancomycin with IV metronidazole
Which antibiotics are more commonly associated w C.difficile infection?
Clindamycin,
Cephalosporins (especially third and fourth generation), Fluoroquinolones,
Broad-spectrum penicillins
What type of bacterium is Clostridioides difficile?
Gram +ve rod
Loperamide MOA and indications
ΞΌ-opioid receptor agonist -> slows down peristalsis
used to treat diarrhoea; firstline for symptomatic relief in IBS
Which medication used in treatment of Ulcerative colitis can cause drug-induced pancreatitis?
Mesalazine
Which beta blocker should be used as prophylaxis of variceal haemorrhage
PROPANOLOL
associated w reduced rebleeding and mortality
Why should Venlafaxine dose be reduced during liver impairment?
Because Venlafaxine is predominantly metabolised in the liver
Side effect of Metaclopramide treated with Procyclidine
acute dystonic reaction such as an oculogyric crisis, muscle spasms occur shortly after admin
treat w IV injection of antiparkinsonian drug =>
Side effects of opioids on Skin
stimulation of histamine release can causer:
- pruritus
- urticaria
- sweating
