Bladder Anatomy

Question 1

What is the position of the kidneys?

Answer 1

• behind peritoneum
• In lumbar region, T12-L3
• Right kidney is lower than left
• Renal arteries at level of transpyloric plane
• They’re bean shaped,11x6x4cm
• Direct contact with liver, duodenum

Question 2

What is the order of blood supply to the kidneys?

Answer 2

• Renal arteries -> segmental arteries ->Interlobar ->Arcuate -> Interlobular

Question 3

How does lymphatic drainage in the kidneys work?

Answer 3

• Subcapsular, plexus of anastomoses beneath kidney surface which perforates the capsule and drains into the superior paraaortic nodes
• Cortical = runs alongside blood vessels and leaves kidney at the hilum
• Converges to join nodes at the superior paraaortic region

Question 4

What is the structure of the kidney?

Answer 4

• Capsule on outside (cortext)
• Medulla is deep
• Pyramids within the medulla, papilla at narrow end,
• Calyx coverge into renal pelvis

Question 5

What is the position of the bladder?

Answer 5

• Folds of the peritoneum hold the bladder in
• Superior to symphysis pubis
• Females: on pelvic floor, anterior to vagina and inf to uterus
• Males: sup to prostate and ant to rectum
• Lies on pelvis when empty
• When full it lies in pelvis and abdo (moves up)

Question 6

What is the size of the bladder?

Answer 6

• Variable
• Collapsed when empty
• Pear shaped with small volume of urine
• More spherical as enlarges
• At capacity: 12.5cm ling, 7.5cm wide holding 1pint of urine

Question 7

What is the shape of the bladder?

Answer 7

• Apex points toward symphasis pubis

- Base: projects posteroinferiorly, triangular in shape

Question 8

What is the structure of the outer bladder?

Answer 8

• 4 coats
• adventitia: loose areolar connective tissue on post and inf surfaces
• Males: fibrous bands linking prostate
• Serosa: sup eurface, visceral peritoneum

Question 9

What is the structure of the middle layer of the bladder?

Answer 9

• Muscularis
• Detrusor muscle
• 3 layers smooth muscle
• Internal urethral sphincter is formed by circular fibres
• pressure receptors (urination)
• external urethral sphincter

Question 10

What are the submucosa and mucosa in the bladder?

Answer 10

• Submucosa, connects mucosa and muscle coats, made from areolar tissue. Contains blood, nerve and lymph vessels.
• Mucosa: mucous membrane, transitional epithelium, ruggae which permit expansion, smooth trigone

Question 11

What are the different sections of the urethra (men)?

Answer 11

• prostatic: passes through prostate gland, base to apex, about 2-3cm long. Prostatic ducts open into prostatic urethra. Ejaculatory ducts also open into.
• Membranous: from apex of prostate to base of penis, 0.5-1cm.
• Spongy 10-16cm long. Bulbar part is dilated and ducts open into, dilates a second time before opening into urethral meatus -> lacunae open in a forward direction.