Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 1000 > Biotechnology > Flashcards

Biotechnology Flashcards

1
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

Any technique applied to biological systems or living organisms to make
or modify products or processes for a specific purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is DNA technology?

A

Techniques used to isolate, purify, analyze, and manipulate DNA to serve a
specific purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Altering genes of genomes for practical purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the steps in DNA cloning?

A
  1. Identify a recognition
  2. Add restriction endonuclease
  3. Sticky ends result
  4. Insert genes into the plasmid
  5. Transformation and cloning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What two main components are used in creating recombinant DNA?

A

Bacterial plasmid DNA (vector dna), gene of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the steps in creating recombinant DNA?

A
  1. put the gene we want to know about into the plasmid
  2. put the plasmid into the bacterium
  3. the gene can be transcribed/translated and replicated when the bacterium divides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of bacterium should they use for recombinant DNA?

A

plasmid-free bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What sites were bacterial plasmid DNA used in labs engineered to have?

A

multiple cloning site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the steps in polymerase chain reaction? (PCR)

A
  1. denaturing
  2. primer annealing
  3. extension
  4. repeat steps 1-3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What components of normal DNA replication are missing in PCR?

A

helicase, ligase, primase, single strand binding protein, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What components are in PCR?

A

DNA, taq polymerase, primers, dNTPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR?

A

can withstand the high temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What jobs does the denature stage of PCR do?

A

helicase, topoisomerase, SSBP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are RNA primers used in PCR? Why?

A

no, because they can’t be removed easily so we use DNA primers so they don’t have to be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the length of the bands in electrophoresis represent?

A

longer band means more base pairs, shorter means less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which fragment will move further in electrophoresis, one that is 200bp and one than is 500bp?

A

200bp because its shorter

17
Q

What is a DNA marker in electrophoresis?

A

the fragments in the marker are a known length so we can use to tell the approx size of samples

18
Q

What does a brighter band mean in electrophoresis?

A

more dna

19
Q

Once we select the plasmid and amplify our gene of interest how can we insert this gene into the plasmid?

A

cut plasmid DNA with enzymes

20
Q

What is a palindromic sequence? example?

A

sequence that is reversible

racecar

21
Q

Where are restriction sites located?

A

multiple cloning sites

22
Q

What are sticky bonds?

A

short, single stranded ends of dna after being cut by restriction endonuclease that can form hydrogen bonds with complementary sticky ends

23
Q

Do the plasmid and gene of interest need to be cut with the same enzyme?

A

yes

24
Q

What is used to connect sticky ends? What is this process called?

A

DNA ligase

ligation

25
Q

What is DNA cloning?

A

Creating multiple identical copies of a piece of DNA

26
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A

Joining DNA from two different sources together

27
Q

What is transformation?

A

inserting recombinant DNA into bacterial cells

28
Q

Where does alternative splicing occur in the cell?

A

nucleus

29
Q

You apply a restriction endonuclease to a sample containing circular bacterial DNA molecules. You use electrophoresis to check for the number of DNA fragments and note only one band in the lane where the bacterial DNA was added. Why could this happen?

A

All DNA fragments in the sample are the same length. The bacterial DNA molecules did not contain the restriction site for the restriction endonuclease applied

All DNA fragments in the sample are the same length. There was one restriction site for this particular restriction endonuclease (enzyme) in each of the bacterial DNA molecules

30
Q

Where does RNA polymerase add RNA monomers?

A

3’ end of growing RNA transcript

31
Q

What is involved in chromatin remodelling?

A

Histone acetylation, Transcription activators

32
Q

What is the enhancer associated with?

A

promoter of the gene being transcribed

BIOL 1000 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions