Biotech Revolution and Recombinant DNA Drugs Flashcards
What is recombinant DNA (rDNA)?
Artificial DNA created by joining two or more pieces of DNA that are normally found together in nature.
What does insulin do?
It increases the amount of sugar taken in by cells, thus decreasing blood sugar.
What is hyperglycemia?
High blood sugar. Caused by an inability to produce insulin or a resistance to insulin.
What is diabetes mellitus type 1?
An autoimmune disease that destroys islet beta cells. Thus, the body can not produce insulin, causing hyperglycemia.
What is an endonuclease?
An enzyme that cleaves DNA in the middle of the polymer.
What is an exonuclease?
An enzyme that cleaves nucleotides from the end of the polymer.
What is a terminal transferase?
An enzyme that adds nucleotides randomly to the end of the polymer.
What is a DNA ligase?
An enzyme that covalently joins two pieces of DNA.
What are plastids?
Small circular pieces of extra-chromosomal DNA that replicate in DNA.
What are restriction enzymes?
They are specific sequence endonucleases.
What drugs act as fast-acting insulin?
Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine.
What drugs act as intermediate-acting insulin?
Regular insulin.
What drugs act as long-acting insulin?
Detemir, Glargine
