Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Analgesics > Flashcards

Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

What are some medical uses of Opioids?

A

Treat moderate to severe pain. Suppress cough. Suppress diarrhea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an opiate?

A

A drug present in opium extract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an Opioid?

A

Any drug that acts as an opiate receptor agonist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What drug remains the benchmark for Opioids?

A

Morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which Opioid is believed to be the most commonly used drug in the world?

A

Codeine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a pain sensing neuron called?

A

Nociceptive Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does pain come from?

A

Any tissue-damaging stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can the analgesic (pain-relieving) effects come about? (3)

A
  1. Reduced Sensation. 2. Reduced process of recognition. 3. Altered process of discrimination, memory, or judgement that follow recognition.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do NSAIDs produce analgesic effects?

A

They reduce the sensation of pain mostly through changes in the peripheral sites of pain stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do Opioids produce analgesic effects?

A

They reduce pain via multiple actions in the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the steps of the pain pathway? (2)

A
  1. Noxious (painful) stimuli activate nociceptors. 2. These activate neurons to release NT, Substance P in the dorsal horn of spinal cord.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does substance P do?

A

Relays pain signal to rest of nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the pain signal get inhibited?

A

Some descending neurons release serotonin and NE to inhibit pain response. Endorphin neurons can also be triggered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Fentanyl?

A

A very lipid-soluble Opioid. Short-acting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an endorphin?

A

A generic term that applies to any endogenous substance that exhibits the properties of morphine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Opioid receptors?

A

Bind endogenous endorphins and exogenous opioids.

They are widely distributed throughout CNS. G protein-coupled receptors.

17
Q

What are the 3 main types of Opioid receptors?

A
  1. Mu. The best and strongest analgesic action; highest abuse liability. 2. Delta: Poor analgesia. 3. Kappa: Modest analgesic effects.
18
Q

What are two examples of Pure antagonist drugs?

A

Naltrexone and Naloxone.

19
Q

What is one example of a Partial agonist drug?

A

Buprenorphine.

20
Q

Where and How is morphine metabolized?

A

In the Liver. The metabolite is 10-20x more potent.

21
Q

What is the half-life of morphine?

A

3-5 hours.

22
Q

What Opioid receptor is thought to produce the euphoric effects associated with Opiods?

A

The Mu receptors in the limbic dopamine reward system.

23
Q

How can Opiods produce respiratory depression?

A

It decreases the respiratory center’s sensitivity to higher levels of CO2 in the blood.

24
Q

Is acute withdrawal of Opioids lethal?

A

No.

25
Q

What are the medical uses of Codeine?

A

Cough Suppressant. Combined with acetaminophen for relief of mild-moderate pain.

26
Q

How much more potent is Heroin in reference to morphine?

A

3 times more potent.

27
Q

What is Meperidine (Demerol)?

A

1/10th as potent as morphine.

28
Q

What is Methadone?

A

Synthetic mu agonist.

29
Q

What is Remifentanil?

A

10-20 minute half-life. Iv to control brief intense pain during surgery.

30
Q

What is Oxycodone (Oxycontin)?

A

Oral agent used to treat pain.

31
Q

How does methadone help those recovering from Heroin addiction?

A

They are given a high enough dose to relieve craving and withdrawal symptoms, but not high enough to produce euphoric effects. It has a long half-life: 24 hours.

32
Q

How can Buprenorphine help those recovering from Heroin addiction?

A

It can relieve craving and withdrawal symptoms. Less potential for dependence than methadone.

Pharmacology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions