Biosynthesis 1 Flashcards
modified amino acid CS
precursor = tyrosine; thyroid hormone = thyroxine; catecholamines
polypeptide CS
single/double chain of AAs; hydrophilic
hydrophilic
attracted to water
hydrophobic
resists water
catecholamines
dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
essential AA
not made by body; tyrosine (precursor for dopamine)
tyrosine transporter
brings tyrosine in
tyrosine hydroxylase
cytoplasmic protein; converts tyrosine to dopamine; rate limiting enzyme
cytoplasmic protein
maintain metabolism in living cells
L-amino acid decarboxylase
cytoplasmic protein; converts tyrosine to dopamine
dopamine
improves blood flow
dopamine transporter
DA to enter RSV
dopamine B-hydroxylase
converts DA to NOR (EPI and NOR)
norepinephrine
treat low blood pressure and heart failure
norepinephrine transporter
allows NOR to leave RSV (EPI)
phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase
PNMT; enzyme in cytoplasm (EPI)
epinephrine
raise glucose in blood
epinephrine transporter
brings EPI to RSV (EPI)
rate limiting step
tyrosine hydroxylase
negative allosteric interaction
tyrosine hydroxylase; DA or NOR enter allosteric binding site = tyrosine to tyrosine
active site (of enzyme)
where tyrosine attaches; w/out (-) = tyr to L-dopa; w/(-) = tyr to tyr
allosteric binding site (of enzyme)
outside of active site; DA or NOR in ABS = tyr to tyr
DA (-) allosteric factor
DA
NOR (-) allosteric factor
DA
EPI (-) allosteric factor
DA, NOR, and EPI
precursor for catecholamines
amino acid tyrosine
