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Biology > BIOSCI 107 Embryology Definitions > Flashcards

BIOSCI 107 Embryology Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Oocyte

A

Cell in ovary - becomes ovum.

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2
Q

Fertilisation

A

When a sperm and egg join together.

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3
Q

Zygote

A

Eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.

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4
Q

Haploid

A

Half the usual number of chromosomes.

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5
Q

Diploid

A

Containing two complete sets of chromosomes.

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6
Q

Zona Pellucida

A

Thick transparent membrane surrounding a mammalian ovum before implantation.

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7
Q

Cleavage

A

Splitting or dividing of a cell.

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8
Q

Compaction

A

Blastomeres become tightly joined, forming gap junctions.

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9
Q

Blastomere

A

Cell produced by cleavage (cell division) of the zygote - forms blastula.

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10
Q

Morula

A

Early stage embryo - blastomeres in solid ball.

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11
Q

Embryoblast or Inner Cell Mass

A

Cellular mass on interior of embryo.

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12
Q

Blastocyst or Blastula

A

Thin-walled hollow structure in early embryonic development.

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13
Q

Blastocyst Cavity or Blastocoel

A

Space inside blastocyst.

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14
Q

Trophoblast

A

Cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst.

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15
Q

Endometrium

A

Lining of uterus.

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16
Q

Uterus

A

Hollow muscular organ.

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17
Q

Uterine Tube

A

Conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus.

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18
Q

Bilaminar Embryo

A

Two-layered embryo.

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19
Q

Epiblast

A

Derived from ICM - becomes germ layers.

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20
Q

Hypoblast

A

Tissue type that forms from the inner cell mass.

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21
Q

Amniotic Cavity

A

Fluid-filled cavity that surrounds the developing embryo.

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22
Q

Amnion

A

Tough, thin membrane that surrounds a developing fetus.

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23
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A

Fluid surrounding the developing fetus.

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24
Q

Cellular Trophoblast or Cytotrophoblast

A

Inner layer of the trophoblast.

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25
Q

Syncytial Trophoblast or Syncytiotrophoblast

A

Syncytial outer layer of the trophoblast.

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26
Q

Yolk Sac

A

Encloses a hollow cavity and loses its nutritive function as the placenta develops.

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27
Q

Extraembryonic Mesoderm

A

Forms from hypoblast.

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28
Q

Extraembryonic Coelom

A

Portion of the conceptus consisting of a cavity between Heuser’s membrane and the trophoblast.

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29
Q

Mesodermal Stalk

A

Band of mesoderm that connects the caudal end of the embryo to the chorion in development.

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30
Q

Gastrulation

A

The process in which the embryo develops into a gastrula (3 germ layers).

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31
Q

Ectoderm

A

Exterior germ layer.

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32
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle germ layer.

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33
Q

Endoderm

A

Inner germ layer.

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34
Q

Germ Layer

A

Group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops.

35
Q

Primitive Streak

A

structure that forms in the blastula - marks start of gastrulation.

36
Q

Primitive Node

A

Local thickening of the epiblast at the cephalic end of the primitive streak.

37
Q

Convergence Extension

A

Process by which the tissue of an embryo is restructured to converge (narrow) along one axis.

38
Q

Organising Centres (Organizers)

A

Where microtubules organise into tubular structures.

39
Q

Morphogen

A

Substance that carries information relating to position in an embryo/

40
Q

Midline

A

Plane through the very centre of your mouth perpendicular to your nose.

41
Q

Rostral or Cranial

A

Involving the head.

42
Q

Caudal

A

Towards hind part/tail.

43
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of the body.

44
Q

Ventral

A

Front of the body.

45
Q

Amniotic Sac

A

Tough but thin transparent pair of membranes, which hold a developing embryo

46
Q

Bucchopharyngeal Membrane

A

Where ectoderm and endoderm come into contact with each other.

47
Q

Cloacal Membrane

A

Covers the embryonic cloaca during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.

48
Q

Allantois

A

Helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste.

49
Q

Neural Tube

A

Precursor to the central nervous system

50
Q

Non Neural Ectoderm

A

Ectoderm not involved in Neural activity.

51
Q

Notochord

A

Primitive beginning to the backbone.

52
Q

Notochord/Axial Mesoderm

A

Lies along the central axis.

53
Q

Somite/Paraxial Mesoderm

A

Flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube.

54
Q

Parietal Lateral Plate Mesoderm

A

Form the mesothelial membranes or serous membranes which line the cavities.

55
Q

Splachnic Lateral Plate Mesoderm

A

Forms the walls of the gut tube.

56
Q

Intermediate Mesoderm

A

Develops into the part of the urogenital system as well as the reproductive system.

57
Q

Lateral Plate Mesoderm

A

Gives rise to heart, blood vessels, blood cells and the lining of the body cavities

58
Q

Somites

A

Paired block-like segments of mesoderm.

59
Q

Somitomeres

A

Segmented mesenchymal units.

60
Q

Sclerotome

A

Subdivisions of somites.

61
Q

Syndetome

A

Forms the tendons.

62
Q

Myotome

A

Group of muscles that a single spinal nerve root innervates.

63
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve.

64
Q

Brain Vesicles

A

Derived from the anterior portion of the neural tube.

65
Q

Pharyngeal Arches

A

Series of externally visible anterior tissue bands lying under the early brain.

66
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

A

Form on the endodermal side between the pharyngeal arches.

67
Q

Frontonasal Prominence

A

Establishes the facial midline.

68
Q

Nasal Placodes

A

Ectodermally derived tissue thickenings that arise from the anterior end of the neural plate.

69
Q

Medial Nasal Prominence

A

Frontonasal prominence.

70
Q

Maxillary Prominence

A

Gives rise to upper jaw and lip.

71
Q

Cardiogenic Mesoderm or Heart Field

A

Forms inner lining of heart and gives rise to heart muscles.

72
Q

Atrium, Ventricle

A

Atriums are each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles.

73
Q

Sinus Venosus

A

Large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium only in embryonic heart.

74
Q

Bulbus Cordis

A

Lies ventral to the primitive ventricle after the developing heart assumes its S-shaped form.

75
Q

Primitive Atrium

A

Stage in the embryonic development of the human heart.

76
Q

Primitive Ventricle

A

Gives rise to left and right ventricles.

77
Q

Decidua Basalis

A

Maternal part of the placenta.

78
Q

Decidua Capsularis

A

Layer of endometrium overlying the implanted chorionic vesicle.

79
Q

Decidua Parietalis

A

Mucous membrane lining the main cavity of the pregnant uterus.

80
Q

Placenta

A

An organ attached to the lining of the womb.

81
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.

82
Q

Chorion

A

Outermost membrane surrounding an embryo contributing to placenta formation.

83
Q

Chorionic Villi (Singular, Villus)

A

Villi that sprout from the chorion to provide maximum contact area with maternal blood.

84
Q

Lacunae

A

Gaps between the lamellae filled with mother’s blood.

Biology (15 decks)

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