BIOSCI 101 Evolution Final Questions Flashcards
What is Mendelian Inheritance?
Inheritance of a trait is determined by genes, passed onto descendants unchanged.
How does Diploidy Preserve Variation?
Shelters rare, recessive alleles from selection.
What is the Result of Outbreeding?
Variation and heterozygote genotypes.
What is the Result of Inbreeding?
Loss of variation and homozygote genotypes.
What are Clines?
Gradual variation that follows a geographic distribution.
What are Ecotypes?
Different groups of phenotype occupying different habitats.
What is Convergent Evolution?
Unrelated species come to resemble each other due to similar selection pressures.
What is Co-Evolution?
Evolutionary change where a feature of one species acts as a selection pressure for another species.
What is Batesian Mimicry?
Harmless imitates harmful.
What is Mullerian Mimicry?
Multiple harmful species resemble each other.
What is Gradualism?
Evolution occurs at a constant rate.
What is Punctuated Equilibrium?
Burst of rapid separation among small peripheral populations.
What are Grades?
A+ only boy.
Also groups which have evolved new features.
What are Analogous Structures?
Structures of similar function from adaptation to similar environments.
What is Naturalistic Fallacy?
What is found in nature is good.
What are Prosimians?
Bush babies and lemurs.
What are Anthropoids?
New and old world monkeys/apes.
What is the Out of Africa Model?
Modern humans originated in Africa 150,000 years ago, spreading and replacing.
What is the Multi-Regional Theory?
Distant populations linked by gene flow evolved into modern humans.
What is Essentialism and Who Created it?
Ideal world conceived, actual world perceived - Plato.
Who Created the Scala Naturae?
Aristotle.
What is Natural Theology and who Created it?
Diversity of life seen as evidence for the glory of God - Linnaeus.
What Created the Efficient Cause Idea?
Copernicus and Galileo.
Who Created Catastrophism and what is it Linked to?
Cuvier - fossil record.
Who Created Gradualism?
Hutton and Lyell.
Who Wrote about the Principle of Population?
Malthus.
What is Transformism and Who Created it?
Organisms arise from inanimate matter and become more complex over time - Jean Baptiste Lamarck.
What is Uniformitarianism?
Natural laws that apply now have always applied.
Which 5 Pieces of Evidence for Macroevolution did Darwin use?
Homologous structures, vestigial structures, fossil record, biogeography, adaptation.
