Biopsychology: Ways of Studying the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Name four ways of studying the brain

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Event Related Potentials (ERP)
Post mortems

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2
Q

What does EEG stand for?

A

Electroencephalograph

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3
Q

What does fMRI stand for?

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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4
Q

What does ERP stand for?

A

Event Related Potentials

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5
Q

What does fMRI identify changes in?

A

Oxygen levels in the blood due to brain activity

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6
Q

What is the 3D image from an fMRI called?

A

Activation Map

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7
Q

What has fMRI been used to study?

A

Which specific parts of the brain are active in particular processes.

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8
Q

in an fMRI what does increased blood flow show?

A

When a brain area is active

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9
Q

fMRI is a much safer way of studying the brain than …

A

PET scans

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10
Q

In terms of resolution, what can we say about fMRI?

A

High Spatial
Low temporal

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11
Q

In EEG where are the electrodes placed?

A

On the scalp

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12
Q

What does an EEG detect?

A

Small electrical changes from brain cell activity.

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13
Q

What have EEGs been used to study?

A

Sleep Patterns
Arousal
Brain tumors
Epilepsy

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14
Q

How are the electrical signals seen in an EEG?

A

Graphed over a period of time

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15
Q

In terms of resolution, what can we say about EEG?

A

High Temporal
Low Spatial

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16
Q

How is an ERP similar to an EEG?

A

Electrodes are placed on the scalp

17
Q

How is an ERP different to an EEG?

A

EEG shows general activity whereas ERP shows specific brain activity

18
Q

In an ERP how is a stimulus presented?

A

Many times

19
Q

In an ERP what is filtered out?

A

All extraneous brain activity

20
Q

In terms of resolution, what can we say about ERP?

A

High Temporal
Low Spatial

21
Q

Why is it hard to get meaningful data from a ERP?

A

It can take many trials as they are affected by external factors e.g. noise

22
Q

When is a Post-mortem conducted?

A

After death

23
Q

What do they do in a post-mortem?

A

Examine and dissect the brain to identify and physical/structural abnormalities.

24
Q

What do they compare in a post-mortem?

A

A brain with a disorder/mental process with one that doesn’t show this.

25
Q

Identify one area of the brain located by post-mortem.

A

Broca’s area

26
Q

Why might a postmortem lack internal validity?

A

They are affected by extraneous variables such as age, medication or time of death.

27
Q

When is the use of post-mortem most valuable?

A

When trying to study the deeper areas of the brain such as the hypothalamus