Addiction: Risk Factors in addiction - genetics/stress/personality/family/peers Flashcards

1
Q

Which three AO3 points could be used for all of the risk factors?

A

Practical applications
Alternative explanations
Correlational

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2
Q

What is a risk factor in terms of addiction?

A

An internal or external factor that makes a person more vulnerable to addictive behaviour

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3
Q

What two ways could genetic influence vulnerability?

A

D2 receptors
Metabolism

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4
Q

D2 is linked to which neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

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5
Q

Genetics could have what effect on D2 receptors?

A

Fewer D2 receptors

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6
Q

What is the problem with having fewer D2 receptors

A

A person feels less pleasure from everyday activities so people need to turn to more addictive substances to feel the same effect

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7
Q

What is metabolism?

A

How fast the body can break down a substance

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8
Q

Some people are less likely to smoke nicotine because they lack a fully functioning enzyme, which enzyme is it?

A

CYP2A6

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9
Q

What did Kendler find about genetic vulnerability?

A

Those individuals with a biological parent with an addiction are more likely to have an addiction themselves, even though they were raised by adoptive parents.

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10
Q

How is stress linked to addiction?

A

When a person experiences stress they turn to addictive substances or behaviours as a form of self medication.

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11
Q

In terms of stress what has been linked to increased risk of developing an addiction?

A

Periods of chronic, long lasting stress
Traumatic childhood life events

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12
Q

What did Anderson and Teicher find out about the effect of stress on the young brain and its impact on addiction.

A

Stress can damage the young brain
The impact is later stress could trigger the vulnerability and lead to a person self medicating to cope.

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13
Q

What personality disorder is linked to addiction?

A

Anti-social personality disorder

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14
Q

Anti-social personality disorder includes which personality traits?

A

Neuroticism and Psychoticism

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15
Q

Neuroticism includes which personality traits?

A

High Anxiety
Irritability
Low self efficacy

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16
Q

Psychoticism includes which personality traits?

A

Aggression
Impulsivity
Emotionally detached
Risk taking
Sensation seeking

17
Q

What did Eysenck and Gossop find about drug addicts?

A

They were more likely to score high for neuroticism or psychoticism

18
Q

What are the three ways that family influences can make a person vulnerable to addiction?

A

Perceived Parental approval
Low parental monitoring
Social Learning Theory

19
Q

How can Social Learning Theory explain that family is a risk factor for addiction?

A

Observe and imitate a family behaviour engaging in a addictive behaviour/using a substance

20
Q

How is monitoring linked to family being a risk factor for addiction?

A

If parents do not monitor the behaviour of their children. The child is more likely to engage in addiction?

21
Q

What is meant by perceived parental approval in addiction?

A

If parents engage in addiction in an addcitive behaviour or substance the child will also hold positive attitudes to the behaviour

22
Q

Which addictive substance did Madras study in family influence on addiction?

A

Cannabis

23
Q

Adolescents spend more time with their peers than family members so peers may act as a

A

gateway to addiction

24
Q

State three ways O’Connell found that peers can make a person vulnerable to addiction.

A
  1. Peers have positive attitudes to drinking alcohol
  2. Peers give people more opportunities to engage in addictive behaviours
  3. People overestimate how much their peers drink