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Chemistry Class 12 > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

glucose 2 forms

A

alpha and beta

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2
Q

why do primary structures of proteins remain?

A

Due to change in pH or temp, all other structures are destroyed = denaturing of proteins

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3
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

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3
Q

Glucose formula

A

C6H12O6

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3
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B and C

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4
Q

Lactose formula

A

C12H22O11

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5
Q

Lactose forms

A

Glucose and galactose

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6
Q

Why is CHO in pentaacetate not available for reaction?

A

Since it is a part of reactions of aldehydic group like reaction with HCN, Tollen’s etc..

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7
Q

Why is melting points and solubility in water of amino acids more than halo acids?

A

Due to dipolar force and H bonding with water hence it exists as a Zwitter ion

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8
Q

why can’t vitamin C be stored in our body?

A

water soluble so it is excreted regularly

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9
Q

Types of monosaccharides

A

aldoses and ketoses

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10
Q

What are reducing sugars?

A

sugars which act as reducing agents and reduce Fehling’s sol and Tollen’s reagent

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11
Q

Ex for reducing sugars

A

All monosaccharides and disaccharides like , glucose, fructose, lactose except sucrose

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12
Q

Main functions of carbs in plants

A

Cell walls are made of cellulose
Carbs are stored as starch as food reserve

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13
Q

Is ribose mono or di?

A

mono

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14
Q

Is galactose mono or di?

A

mono

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15
Q

Glycosidic link?

A

Link btn 2 monosaccharides via ‘O’

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16
Q

What is glycogen?

A

polysaccharide stored in animals. Present in liver, muscle and brain.

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17
Q

Parts of starch

A

Amylose and amylopectin

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18
Q

which is water soluble? amylose or amylopectin?

A

Amylose(15-20% starch)

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19
Q

Units in glycogen chain

A

10-14

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20
Q

Units in amylopectin chains

A

20-25

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21
Q

Products of sucrose after hydrolysis

A

D(+)glucose and D(-)fructose

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22
Q

Products of lactose after hydrolysis

A

B-D-galactose & B-D-glucose

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23
Q

Why is sucrose known as invert sugar?

A

Since laevorotation of fructose is > glucose, the mixture is laevo

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24
Q

Starch Vs cellulose

A

Starch has amylose & amylopectin made of D+glucose units. Amylose consists of linear chains of glucose linked in C1-C4 manner & amylopectin consists of linear chains in C1-C6 manner
In cellulose, only B-D glucose are linked to each other in C1-C4 manner

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25
Q

D glucose with HI

26
Q

D glucose with Br2 water

A

Gluconic acid COOH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH

27
Q

D glucose with HNO3

A

saccharic acid COOH-(CHOH)4-COOH

28
Q

Explain the rns of D glucose which cannot be obtained by open structure

A

Doesn’t give 2,4 DNP test, Schiff’s test, doesn’t react with NaHSO3
Pentaacetate of glucose cannot react with NH2OH
alpha & beta glucosides cannot be explained by open structure

29
Q

List essential amino acids

A

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Tryptophan
Threonine
Histidine
Valine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Methionine
Lysine
Leucine

30
Q

List non essential amino acids

A

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Alanine, Asparagine, Glutamate, Glutamine, Cysteine, Aspartate, Glycine, Tyrosine, Proline and Serine

31
Q

Peptide link

A

Link btn COOH and NH2 ie CONH

32
Q

Primary structure amino acids

A

Sequence in which they are arranged

33
Q

Secondary structure amino acids

A

Structures formed due to H bonding - alpha helical and B pleated

34
Q

Tertiary structure amino acids

A

Energetically stable structures - fibrous and globular

35
Q

Quarternary structure amino acids

A

Arrangement of polypeptide chains with each other

36
Q

Globular Vs Fibrous proteins

A

Globular: Arranged in coils, spherical shape, water soluble, insulin, albumins
Fibrous: Arranged || to each other, thread like, insoluble, keratin, myosin

37
Q

Zwitter Ion

A

dipolar ion which both +ve and -ve part on same compound

38
Q

Effect of denaturing of proteins

A

only primary structure remains, globular protein converts to fibrous protein and its biological activity is lost

39
Q

Enzymes which catalyse oxidation of 1 substrate with reduction of another substrate

A

oxidoreductase

40
Q

why is glycine optically inactive?

A

it is not a chiral carbon

41
Q

D or L configuration for amino acids means

A

D means NH2 is on right
L means NH2 on left

42
Q

Types of nucleic acids

43
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Transmits hereditory characters from one to generation to another

44
Q

What does RNA do?

A

Synthesises protein in the cell

45
Q

Nucleic acid consists of

A

Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base & phosphoric acid

46
Q

Nucleoside consists

A

Base & sugar

47
Q

Nucleotide

A

Combination of nucleoside & phosphoric acid

48
Q

DNA structure

A

alpha helical

49
Q

Products formed when nucleotide from dna containing thymine is hydrolysed

A

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphoric acid, purine bases like guanine & adenine, pyrimidine bases like thymine & cytosine

50
Q

Structure of RNA vs DNA

A

RNA: Quantities of different bases are different, Single stranded structure
DNA: double stranded, 4 complementary bases paired with each other, products have definite molar ratio.

51
Q

Cytosine pairs with

52
Q

Thymine pairs with

53
Q

Vitamin responsible for coagulation of blood

54
Q

Vitamin A

A

Fish liver oil, carrots, butter, milk
Night blindness

55
Q

Vitamin C

A

amla, citrus fruits, green leavy veggies
Scurvy

56
Q

Nucleoside VS nucleotide

A

Nucleoside: base + sugar, adenosine, guanosine
Nucleotide: nucleoside + phosphoric acid, adenylic acid, guanylic acid

57
Q

The two strands in dna are not identical but are complementary. Why?

A

The two strands are held by H bond, Adenine is bound thymine & guanine to cytosine. Due to this base pairing principle, sequence of bases in 1 strand fixed the sequence of bases in other strands.

58
Q

DNA VS RNA

A

DNA contains cytosine & thymine as bases, high MM(>10M), replication, transmission of hereditary chars.
RNA contains cytosine & uracil as bases, low MM(20K to 25K), doesn’t replicate, controls protein synthesis

59
Q

Types of RNA

A

messenger, tranfer, ribosomal

60
Q

DNA has a ___________ backbone

A

phosphate - sugar

61
Q

Out of the four different kinds of nitrogenous bases which are commonly found in DNA,
___________ has been replaced in some organisms.

62
Q

Which biopolymer breaks down to release glucose , whenever glucose levels drop in
Our body :

63
Q

Cellulose on complete hydrolysis yields:

Chemistry Class 12 (10 decks)

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