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Chemistry Class 12 > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

glucose 2 forms

A

alpha and beta

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2
Q

why do primary structures of proteins remain?

A

Due to change in pH or temp, all other structures are destroyed = denaturing of proteins

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3
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

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3
Q

Glucose formula

A

C6H12O6

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3
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B and C

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4
Q

Lactose formula

A

C12H22O11

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5
Q

Lactose forms

A

Glucose and galactose

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6
Q

Why is CHO in pentaacetate not available for reaction?

A

Since it is a part of reactions of aldehydic group like reaction with HCN, Tollen’s etc..

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7
Q

Why is melting points and solubility in water of amino acids more than halo acids?

A

Due to dipolar force and H bonding with water hence it exists as a Zwitter ion

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8
Q

why can’t vitamin C be stored in our body?

A

water soluble so it is excreted regularly

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9
Q

Types of monosaccharides

A

aldoses and ketoses

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10
Q

What are reducing sugars?

A

sugars which act as reducing agents and reduce Fehling’s sol and Tollen’s reagent

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11
Q

Ex for reducing sugars

A

All monosaccharides and disaccharides like , glucose, fructose, lactose except sucrose

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12
Q

Main functions of carbs in plants

A

Cell walls are made of cellulose
Carbs are stored as starch as food reserve

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13
Q

Is ribose mono or di?

A

mono

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14
Q

Is galactose mono or di?

A

mono

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15
Q

Glycosidic link?

A

Link btn 2 monosaccharides via ‘O’

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16
Q

What is glycogen?

A

polysaccharide stored in animals. Present in liver, muscle and brain.

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17
Q

Parts of starch

A

Amylose and amylopectin

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18
Q

which is water soluble? amylose or amylopectin?

A

Amylose(15-20% starch)

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19
Q

Units in glycogen chain

A

10-14

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20
Q

Units in amylopectin chains

A

20-25

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21
Q

Products of sucrose after hydrolysis

A

D(+)glucose and D(-)fructose

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22
Q

Products of lactose after hydrolysis

A

B-D-galactose & B-D-glucose

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23
Why is sucrose known as invert sugar?
Since laevorotation of fructose is > glucose, the mixture is laevo
24
Starch Vs cellulose
Starch has amylose & amylopectin made of D+glucose units. Amylose consists of linear chains of glucose linked in C1-C4 manner & amylopectin consists of linear chains in C1-C6 manner In cellulose, only B-D glucose are linked to each other in C1-C4 manner
25
D glucose with HI
hexane
26
D glucose with Br2 water
Gluconic acid COOH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH
27
D glucose with HNO3
saccharic acid COOH-(CHOH)4-COOH
28
Explain the rns of D glucose which cannot be obtained by open structure
Doesn't give 2,4 DNP test, Schiff's test, doesn't react with NaHSO3 Pentaacetate of glucose cannot react with NH2OH alpha & beta glucosides cannot be explained by open structure
29
List essential amino acids
Try THis VIP MaLL Tryptophan Threonine Histidine Valine Isoleucine Phenylalanine Methionine Lysine Leucine
30
List non essential amino acids
Almost All Girls Go Crazy After Getting Taken Prom Shopping Alanine, Asparagine, Glutamate, Glutamine, Cysteine, Aspartate, Glycine, Tyrosine, Proline and Serine
31
Peptide link
Link btn COOH and NH2 ie CONH
32
Primary structure amino acids
Sequence in which they are arranged
33
Secondary structure amino acids
Structures formed due to H bonding - alpha helical and B pleated
34
Tertiary structure amino acids
Energetically stable structures - fibrous and globular
35
Quarternary structure amino acids
Arrangement of polypeptide chains with each other
36
Globular Vs Fibrous proteins
Globular: Arranged in coils, spherical shape, water soluble, insulin, albumins Fibrous: Arranged || to each other, thread like, insoluble, keratin, myosin
37
Zwitter Ion
dipolar ion which both +ve and -ve part on same compound
38
Effect of denaturing of proteins
only primary structure remains, globular protein converts to fibrous protein and its biological activity is lost
39
Enzymes which catalyse oxidation of 1 substrate with reduction of another substrate
oxidoreductase
40
why is glycine optically inactive?
it is not a chiral carbon
41
D or L configuration for amino acids means
D means NH2 is on right L means NH2 on left
42
Types of nucleic acids
DNA & RNA
43
What does DNA do?
Transmits hereditory characters from one to generation to another
44
What does RNA do?
Synthesises protein in the cell
45
Nucleic acid consists of
Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base & phosphoric acid
46
Nucleoside consists
Base & sugar
47
Nucleotide
Combination of nucleoside & phosphoric acid
48
DNA structure
alpha helical
49
Products formed when nucleotide from dna containing thymine is hydrolysed
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphoric acid, purine bases like guanine & adenine, pyrimidine bases like thymine & cytosine
50
Structure of RNA vs DNA
RNA: Quantities of different bases are different, Single stranded structure DNA: double stranded, 4 complementary bases paired with each other, products have definite molar ratio.
51
Cytosine pairs with
Guanine
52
Thymine pairs with
Adenine
53
Vitamin responsible for coagulation of blood
K
54
Vitamin A
Fish liver oil, carrots, butter, milk Night blindness
55
Vitamin C
amla, citrus fruits, green leavy veggies Scurvy
56
Nucleoside VS nucleotide
Nucleoside: base + sugar, adenosine, guanosine Nucleotide: nucleoside + phosphoric acid, adenylic acid, guanylic acid
57
The two strands in dna are not identical but are complementary. Why?
The two strands are held by H bond, Adenine is bound thymine & guanine to cytosine. Due to this base pairing principle, sequence of bases in 1 strand fixed the sequence of bases in other strands.
58
DNA VS RNA
DNA contains cytosine & thymine as bases, high MM(>10M), replication, transmission of hereditary chars. RNA contains cytosine & uracil as bases, low MM(20K to 25K), doesn't replicate, controls protein synthesis
59
Types of RNA
messenger, tranfer, ribosomal
60
DNA has a ___________ backbone
phosphate - sugar
61
Out of the four different kinds of nitrogenous bases which are commonly found in DNA, ___________ has been replaced in some organisms.
cytosine
62
Which biopolymer breaks down to release glucose , whenever glucose levels drop in Our body :
glycogen
63
Cellulose on complete hydrolysis yields:
glucose

Chemistry Class 12 (10 decks)

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