Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
malonic acid
cooh-ch2-cooh
succinic acid
cooh-ch2-ch2-cooh
glutaric acid
cooh-(ch2)3-cooh
adipic acid
cooh-(ch2)4-cooh
cinnamaldehyde
3-phenylprop-2-enal
Acrolein
prop-2-enal
phthalic acid
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
isophthalic acid
benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
terephthalic acid
benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
1* alc will give
aldehyde
2* alc will give
ketones
CH≡CH to CH2=CH3-CHO
H2O with Hg2+,H+(333K)
what happens if S is not used as poison for rosenmund reaction?
RCHO will undergoe reduction again & form 1* alc
compounds having CH=NH is called
imines
CH2-CH2-CN to CH3CH2CHO
SnCl2 + H2O + 2HCl
What is DIBAL-H
Diisobutylaluminium hydride
Benefit of DIBAL H
If a double bond is present in the compound along with triple bond, the double bond won’t get reduced.
Mild oxidising agents eg
CrO2Cl2/aci. KMnO4/alk. KMnO4/ aci. K2Cr2O7
benzene to benzophenone
C6H5-COCl (anhy. AlCl3)
why is aldehyde more reactive than ketone?
Since e’ releases from the alkyl group reduces carbon’s electrophilicity and steric reasons due to which nucleophile cannot easily attack carbon due to the presence of alkyl groups.
Why is OH needed to separate HCN into ions?
Since ions cannot be formed easily
CH3CHO to CH3CH(OH)CN
CN
Acetaldehyde cyanohydrin
2hydroxypropan nitrile
Why is NaHSO3 used with C=O and CHO?
It is used for separation & purification of CHO and CO from non-carbonyl compds
CH3COCH3 to CH3C(OCH2)2(CH3)
+ ethylene glycol(CH2OH-CH2OH), H2O is removed
Why is HCl used in rns?
Used for protonation to increase electrophilicity of carbon.
Dry HCl helps to remove H2O formed during the rn.
What is Borche’s reagent?
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
(R’)2Cd + 2RCOCl
2RCO(R’)2
R-C≡CH + Hg+ , H2SO4
R-C(OH)=Ch2 then propanone
Schiff’s base
RCHO + R’NH2 -> RCH=NR’
Molecule is unstable if
If a carbon has 2 OH groups so 1 H & 1 OH is removed and aldehyde is formed
Why is there significant difference in BP of butanal & butanol?
butanol has OH polar bond ehich forms intermolecular H bond
Test to distinguish propan-2-one & propan-3-one?
Iodoform test since propan-3-one is not a methyl ketone
Benzal chloride to benzaldehyde
Aq. KOH
Why are acids more acidic than alcohols or phenols?
Due to resonance, -ve charge is present at the more electro -ve atom so it releases e’s easily.
The reaction of ammonia and its derivatives with aldehydes is called:
Nucleophilic addition reaction
Reductive alkylation of ammonia by means of an aldehyde in presence of hydrogen as
reducing agents results in formation of:
Mixture of all three amines
Why carboxylic acids do not give the reaction of carbonyl groups?
Lone pairs on oxygen atom attached to H in the -COOH group are involved in resonance making the carbon atom less electrophilic.
An alkyl group on benzene on oxidation gives?
Benzoic acid