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OPP > Biomechanical Low Back Pain > Flashcards

Biomechanical Low Back Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Most people (%) will have resolution within … weeks of onset

A

90% and 6

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2
Q

musculotendinous

A

strains

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3
Q

ligamentous/capsular

A

sprains

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4
Q

primary afferent nociceptors

A

Group III nociceptors = thinly myelinated axons (Aδ-fibers)
Group IV nociceptors = unmyelinated axons (C-fibers)

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5
Q

Where are some places nociceptors are located?

A

in fascia around muscles, periphery of annulus fibrosus, longitudinal ligament, capsule joints, paraspinial ligaments, sacroiliac ligaments, periosteum

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6
Q

where are nociceptors not found

A

cartilage

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7
Q

How does strain/sprain activate mechanical nociceptors?

A

Broken fibers cause leaking potassium into the interstitial fluid. Blood extravasation from damaged blood vessels release bradykinin from plasma proteins, which then release PGs
Neuropeptides (calcitonin-gene-related peptide substance P) are liberated at the nerve endings
Vasodilation causing mechanical compartment pressure

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8
Q

Terminal ‘link’ (body part) moving is loose in space, free to move, NOT FIXED against a surface; (waving the hand; foot during swing phase of gait ex. leg curl lat pull down

A

Open kinetic chain

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9
Q

Terminal (distal) joint meets with some considerable external resistance which prohibits or restrains its free motion (feet planted on ground or solid object) ex. squat, pushup

A

closed kinetic chain

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10
Q

Connective tissue composed of irregularly arranged collagen fibers, distinctly unlike the regularly arranged collagen fibers seen in tendons, ligaments or aponeurotic sheets

A

fascia

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11
Q

5 functions of fascia

A

package, passage, power, protect, proprioception

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12
Q

What is function of thoraco lumbar fascia?

A

locomotion of the body meaning that it facilitates stabilizing the body, generating and releasing the forces required by the body to move effectively such that an individual is able to ambulate normally without falling.

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13
Q

What are three layers of thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Superficial = aponeurosis of lats/serratus
Deep = paraspinal reticular sheath surrounds erector spinae & multifidus; aponeurosis adheres to PSIS, border of sacrum
Middle = Passes between the paraspinal muscles and the QL resulting in formation of the Transverse Abdominis Muscle.
Anterior = anterior of the transverse processes of the lumbar spine and the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle

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14
Q

rhomboid of michaelis

A
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15
Q

Which muscles move the lumbar spine?

A

Latissimus Dorsi
External Oblique/Internal oblique
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Erector spinae: Iliocostalis; Longissimus; Spinalis
Tranversospinalis: Multifidus, Semispinalis
Deep Segmental: Interspinales, Intransversarii
Quadratus Lumborum
Psoas major

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16
Q

Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation of lats

A

Origin: spinous process T7-12, L1-5, ribs 9-12, sacrum, posterior iliac crest, and inferior scapula
Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Function: internal rotate, adduct, extend, respirate
Innervate: thoracodorsal (C6-C8_

17
Q

Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation of external oblique

A

origin: inferolateral ribs 5-12
insertion: anterior rectus sheath, linea alba, anterior iliac crest
Function - trunk flexion, rotate and breathing

18
Q

Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation of internal oblique

A

Origin: Deep layer T/L fascia, anterior/lateral surface of Iliac crest, ASIS, iliopsoas fascia
Insertion: Inferior borders of 10th to 12th ribs, Anterior & posterior layers of rectus sheath, linea alba
Function: same as external

19
Q

Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation of serratus posterior inferior

A

Origin: T11-L2 spinous processes & their supraspinous ligaments/thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Inferior aspect of Ribs 9-12
Function: inspiration

20
Q

Origin and insertion sacrospinalis

A

Origin: Dorsal surface of sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae, and iliac crest
Insertion: Divides into iliocostalis and longissimus muscles

21
Q

Origin, insertion, function Iliocostalis Lumborum

A

Origin: Sacrum, iliac crest, superficial layer of T/L fascia
Insertion: 6th -12th ribs, deep layer of T/L fascia, transverse processes of upper lumbar
Action extends spine, SB spine to same side

22
Q

Origin, Insertion, action longissimus lumborum

A

Origin: Sacrum, iliac crest common tendon from sacrospinalis, Lumbar spinous processes
Insertion: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Action: extends spine, SB spine to same side

23
Q

origin, insertion, and action of Multifidus

A

Origin: Sacrum, ilium, mammillary processes L1-5
Insertion: Super medially to spinous process of vertebra 2-4 levels higher
Action: Side bends superior vertebrae to same side, Rotates to opposite side, Extends the spine

24
Q

origin and action of interspinalis

A

Origin/ Insertion: spinous process of adjacent lumbar vertebrae
Action: extend the spine

25
Q

Origin and action of intertransversarii

A

Origin/Insertion:
between adjacent transverse processes of ALL lumbar vertebrae
Action: Side bends superior vertebrae to same side , Stabilizes & Extends the spine

26
Q

Origin, insertion, action quadratus lumborum

A

Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: 12th rib, Transverse processes of L1-4
Action: Side bends the trunk to the same side
Elevates iliac crest, HIP HIKER ’

27
Q

Iliopsoas

A

the joined psoas major and iliacus muscles where they insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur
Acts as the STRONGEST flexor of the hip

28
Q

Psoas Major

A

Origin: Lateral surfaces of T12-L4 & the assoc. discs
Deep: L1-L5 transverse processes
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Action: Hip flexion; External rotation
Side bends Lumbar spine to same side

29
Q

Forms the major connection between the sacrum and the ilium, Receives the greatest stresses of the ligaments associated with the sacroiliac joint
Prevents forward and downward movement of the sacrum, Protects the sacroiliac joint by preventing excessive backward movement

A

interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

30
Q

connects the posterior-superior iliac spine and iliac crest to the sacrum.
provides considerable stability to the sacroiliac joint

A

posterior sacroiliac ligaments

31
Q

calcification of anterior longitudinal ligament

A

DISH

32
Q

this ligament has pain that can radiate towards groin

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

33
Q

where does Dish usually start

A

thoracic spine

34
Q

Illiolumbar Ligament

A

has no nerve fibers within, connects iliac crest to transverse processes of L5, stabilizes lumbosacral junction and SIJ

OPP (25 decks)

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