Biomarkers cont

Question 1

Biomarkers for Acute Microbial Stress

Answer 1

Cytokines
Hepatic APPs
Temperature

Question 2

Cytokines measured (acute)

Answer 2

TNFa
IL-1
IL-6

Question 3

Hepatic APPs measured

Answer 3

Serum Amyloid A
C-Reactive Protein
Haptoglobin
Complement Protein

Question 4

Hepatic APPs lack what?

Answer 4

Microbial Specificity

Question 5

Temperature what type of response?
Easy or hard to measure?
Not or always in stress response?

Answer 5

Febrile
Easy
Not always

Question 6

Biomarkers for Chronic Microbial Stress Response

Answer 6

Cytokines
Antibodies

Question 7

Cytokines measured (chronic)

Answer 7

IL-4, IL-3, IFNy

Question 8

Antibodies as Biomarkers
Highly specific or not
Sensitive or not
Long lasting or not
Hard for diagnosis of disease?

Answer 8

Highly specific
Sensitive
Long Lasting
Good for diagnosis of disease

Question 9

For measuring Acute Microbial Stress what is needed?

Answer 9

Diverse Biomarkers
Panel

Question 10

For measuring Chronic Microbial Stress what is needed?

Answer 10

Highly controlled stressor
SAM/HPA/Immune response measured during stress Resistance, Habituation, Sensitization, Recovery