Biomarkers

Question 1

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Answer 1

MI; Being phased out; long T1/2, marker for apoptosis; non-specific; T1/2~110h; duration 5-14d; not specific, also in acute renal damage & hemolysis

Question 2

Creatine Kinase (CKMB)

Answer 2

MI; T1/2~15h; declines rapidly; limit= 3% CKMB of total CKs; total CKs indicative of severity of MI; used to detect reinfarct; duration 2-3d

Question 3

Troponin I (TnI)

Answer 3

MI; specific; peaks~12-24h; duration 3-10 d; useful for Pt presenting several days after chest pain onset.

Question 4

Phosphohexose isomerase

Answer 4

MI;

Question 5

Myoglobin

Answer 5

MI; Peaks 4-12h; highly sensitive for MI but not specific; Myoglobin:CAIII >3.21 indicative of MI

Question 6

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Answer 6

MI & Hepatitis

Question 7

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Answer 7

Hepatitis

Question 8

Alkaline Phosphatase

Answer 8

Liver & Bone Disease

Question 9

Acid Phosphatase

Answer 9

Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma

Question 10

alpha-amylase

Answer 10

Pancreatitis & mumps

Question 11

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

Answer 11

Prostate Cancer; Not specific, also in UTI, benign prostatic hypertrophy, digital rectal exam

Question 12

Liver Fx Test (LFT)

Answer 12

Bilirubin (total), AST, Alkaline Phosphatase, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), LDH, Albumin (decreased), Prothrombin (decreased), Fibrinogen (decreased)

Question 13

Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT)

Answer 13

LFT; cholestatic disease (gall bladder); alcoholism

Question 14

Alpha-fetal protein (AFP)

Answer 14

Liver Cancer; AFP replaced by albumin w/in 24h (similar fx); not specific, also in cirrhosis, liver necrosis, pregnancy, spina bifida, testicular cancer