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Biology 101 > Biology Test 2 > Flashcards

Biology Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Robert Hook

A

Cell (Cork)

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2
Q

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A

Microscope

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3
Q

Schleiden and Schwann

A

All plants and animals have cells

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4
Q

Virchow

A

Cells come from Cells

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5
Q

Light Microscope

A

Used in the Laboratory highest is 1000x.

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6
Q

Transmission electron Microscope

A

Good internal detail

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7
Q

Scanning electron micrcsope

A

3d view with internal detail and can see chemicals.

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8
Q

Animal Gap Junction’s

A

Allow for rapid communications between animal cells with a tight seal.

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9
Q

Plant Junction/ Plasmodesmata

A

Allow for rapid communication between plant cells.

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10
Q

Plant cell

A

-Chloroplast/ photosynthesis
-Large central Vacuole/ storage
-Cell Wall

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11
Q

Animal Cell

A

Centrioles

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12
Q

Function

A

regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell; communication between cells of tissues.

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an high concentration to an area of lesser concentration (Ex. Lemon in water)

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

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15
Q

Isotonic

A

no net movement

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16
Q

Hypertonic

A

H2O moves out and cell shrinks causing less water outside and more solute outside the cell.

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17
Q

Hypotonic

A

H2O moves in and the Cell swells which causes less solute outside the cell.

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18
Q

Passive transport (Facilitated diffusion)

A

Molecules move with concentration gradient. No energy needed.

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19
Q

Active Transports

A

Molecules move against the concentration gradient requires energy (ATP) (Ex. Na+/K+ pump)

20
Q

Endocytosis

A

Take in materials

21
Q

Exocytosis

A

Exit of materials from the cell.

22
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Food particle or larger molecule is taken by the cell (cellular Eating)

23
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to or ability to perform work.

24
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Motion

25
Q

Potential energy

A

Resting

26
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; however it can change from on form to another.

27
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

With each energy transformation, some useable energy is lost as heat and therefore entropy is increasing.

28
Q

Entropy

A

Measurement of disorder

29
Q

Activation energy

A

Enzymes act as catalysts or speed up chemical reactions.

30
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that speed up metabolism.
-Suffix -ase added.
-They have shape
-They are specfic
-Optimal pH and temperature.

31
Q

Enzyme substrate complex

A

The two are fit together

32
Q

ATP

A

-Adenosine Triphasphate
-Made in the Mitochondria.

33
Q

Photons

A

Light arrives in tiny packets of energy.

34
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

Different wavelengths of light visible; light portion in the chloroplast.

35
Q

Chloroplast Structure: Grana

A

Stacks of thylakoids

36
Q

Chloroplast Structure: Thylakoids

A

Location of light spend reactions.

37
Q

Chloroplast Structure: Stroma

A

Fluid of the chloroplast & location of the light independent reaction.

38
Q

Light dependent reactions

A

Needs light sunlight. Sunlight is captured and converted to ATP. (Light is converted to chemical energy, which is stored in ATP & NADPH, also water is split.)

39
Q

Light-independent reactions

A

Doesn’t need light. Using products of light-dependent reactions, CO2 is captured to make organic compounds. Assemble of ATP & NADPH.)

40
Q

C3

A

Cool weather: Wheat and Rice.

41
Q

C4

A

Warm Weather: Corn

42
Q

CAM

A

Dry, arid, and only fix carbon dioxide at night.

43
Q

Cilia

A

Short Microscopic hair.

44
Q

Metabolism

A

Food into energy.

45
Q

Parts of cell membrane

A

Proteins and lipids (some cholestoral)

46
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Very small particle or those dissolved in liquid (cellular Drinking).

Biology 101 (13 decks)

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