Biology Chapters 1,2,3, & 15 Flashcards
What are the organizational levels of an organism?
Chemical, Cellular, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, Organisms, Population, Community, Ecosystem, and Biosphere.
What is scientific Investigation?
a process of finding the answer to a question using various research methods.
What is an Hypothesis?
Possible explanation/ educated guess as to how the world works.
What is the Scientific Method?
-Ask a question,
-Make an hypothesis,
-Test/Experiment,
-results/data, conclusions.
What is a theory?
A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts.
What are the necessary components to a good experimental design?
Large Numbers, Control Group, Variable, Experimental/ independent variable vs. dependent.
What is deductive reasoning?
Derive specific prediction based on or using general info.
What is inductive reasoning?
Create general principle based on specific observations.
Who is the father of taxonomy?
Carolus Linnaeus
How are living organisms classified.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is Matter?
Anything that takes up space and has mass.
What are the components of an Atom?
Electron, Protron, Neutron.
How are the subatomic parts of an atom calculated or determined?
Atomic Number=Protons
Atomic Mass= protons+neutrons
Neutrons= Atomic #-Atomic Mass
What are Valence Electrons?
The number of electrons on the outer shell of an atom.
What are Isotopes?
Atoms with the same # of protons but different # of neutrons.
What is an Ionic Bond?
A transfer of electrons/ attraction of oppositely charged ions. (NaCl)
What is a Covalent Bond?
Strong bonds that have shared electrons. (H2O)
What is a Hydrogen Bond?
A weak bond where an atom or molecule interacts with a neighboring hydrogen that is already taking part in a covalent bond. (Water dimer)
What are the Properties of Water?
Solvent of life, Cohesive, Adhesive, Surface tension, Frozen less dense than liquid, and resists changes in temperature.
How does the pH scale work?
-The pH scale ranges from 0-14 with 7 being neutral.
- Pure water is considered neutral because as it ionizes it will have an equal number of electrons.
-Each number represents a 10x difference.
What is a buffer?
A solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components.
What is happening during Hydrolysis?
The gain of water and bonds are broken
What is happening during dehydration?
Loss of water and bonds form between smaller molecules.
what are the major organic moleclues or macromoleclues of living organisms
Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acid.
