Biology Chapters 1,2,3, & 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organizational levels of an organism?

A

Chemical, Cellular, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, Organisms, Population, Community, Ecosystem, and Biosphere.

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2
Q

What is scientific Investigation?

A

a process of finding the answer to a question using various research methods.

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3
Q

What is an Hypothesis?

A

Possible explanation/ educated guess as to how the world works.

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3
Q

What is the Scientific Method?

A

-Ask a question,
-Make an hypothesis,
-Test/Experiment,
-results/data, conclusions.

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4
Q

What is a theory?

A

A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts.

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5
Q

What are the necessary components to a good experimental design?

A

Large Numbers, Control Group, Variable, Experimental/ independent variable vs. dependent.

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6
Q

What is deductive reasoning?

A

Derive specific prediction based on or using general info.

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7
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

Create general principle based on specific observations.

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8
Q

Who is the father of taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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9
Q

How are living organisms classified.

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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10
Q

What is Matter?

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

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11
Q

What are the components of an Atom?

A

Electron, Protron, Neutron.

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12
Q

How are the subatomic parts of an atom calculated or determined?

A

Atomic Number=Protons
Atomic Mass= protons+neutrons
Neutrons= Atomic #-Atomic Mass

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13
Q

What are Valence Electrons?

A

The number of electrons on the outer shell of an atom.

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14
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same # of protons but different # of neutrons.

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15
Q

What is an Ionic Bond?

A

A transfer of electrons/ attraction of oppositely charged ions. (NaCl)

16
Q

What is a Covalent Bond?

A

Strong bonds that have shared electrons. (H2O)

17
Q

What is a Hydrogen Bond?

A

A weak bond where an atom or molecule interacts with a neighboring hydrogen that is already taking part in a covalent bond. (Water dimer)

18
Q

What are the Properties of Water?

A

Solvent of life, Cohesive, Adhesive, Surface tension, Frozen less dense than liquid, and resists changes in temperature.

19
Q

How does the pH scale work?

A

-The pH scale ranges from 0-14 with 7 being neutral.
- Pure water is considered neutral because as it ionizes it will have an equal number of electrons.
-Each number represents a 10x difference.

20
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components.

21
Q

What is happening during Hydrolysis?

A

The gain of water and bonds are broken

22
Q

What is happening during dehydration?

A

Loss of water and bonds form between smaller molecules.

23
Q

what are the major organic moleclues or macromoleclues of living organisms

A

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acid.

24
Q

What is denaturation?

A

The breakdown of a protein.

25
Q

How do the levels of protein organization compare?

A

-Chain of amino Acids
-Alpha Helix and beta sheet
-More alpha helix and beta sheet (twist and folds)
-More than one polypeptide, twisted and folded together.

26
Q

What is DNA

A

Contains genetic instructions.

27
Q

What is RNA

A

A nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA

28
Q

What is Oxidation?

A

The loss of Electrons.

29
Q

What is Reduction?

A

The gain of Electrons.

30
Q

What are the most common elements found in living organisms?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.

31
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

Steady state of body function/ Ex. shivering when cold.

32
Q

What is Qualitative data?

A

Data that describes characteristics.

33
Q

What is Quantitative data?

A

Data placed in numerical data.