Bio Test 4

Question 1

1868 Johann Friedrich Miescher

Answer 1

Unknown substance in nucleus/ Pus and Salmon Sperm

Question 2

1928 Fred Griffith

Answer 2

-Discovered transformation can occur during mice experiments.
- Heat killed S + mice> Died
-R + heat killed S + mice > Died

Question 3

1944 Oswald Avery

Answer 3

Hereditary Substance probably DNA (Not Protein). He repeated Griffith’s Experiment.

Question 4

1952 Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Answer 4

Confirmation of DNA Function -Whether it was DNA or Protein
-T2 Bacterialphage

Question 5

Structure of DNA

Answer 5

5 carbon sugar (Deoxyribose) a phosphate group

Question 6

4 Nitrogenous bases of DNA/ Rungs

Answer 6

-Purines- Adenine and Guanine-double ring
-Pyrimidines- Cytosine and Thymine- single ring

Question 7

T-A

Answer 7

U

Question 8

A-T

Answer 8

A

Question 9

G-C

Answer 9

G

Question 10

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 10

x-ray diffraction that revealed a helical shape

Question 11

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer 11

Built Model of DNA

Question 12

DNA Replication

Answer 12

-Original molecule unwinds, unzips, complementary base pairing occurs to from new strands which consist of 1 old and 1 new strand.
-Semi Conservative
-DNA Polymerase

Question 13

Histones

Answer 13

DNA wraps around it.

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

Molecules of RNA are produced on or from the DNA template. (In Nucleus)

Question 15

Translation

Answer 15

RNA molecule shipped from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to be used in polypeptide assembly.

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

-Deoxyribonucleic acid
-Deoxyribose
-Helix
-Double Stranded
-A,T,G,C

Question 17

RNA

Answer 17

-Ribose
-No helix
-Single stranded
-A, U (uracil), G, C

Question 18

mRNA

Answer 18

-3 bases = Codon
-carries blueprint to ribosome

Question 19

rRNA

Answer 19

Combine with proteins to form ribosomes upon which polypeptides are assembled.

Question 20

tRNA

Answer 20

Brings correct amino acid (AA) to ribosome and pairs up with a mRNA code for that AA.

Question 21

Genetic Engineering

Answer 21

-Method used to advance technology by manipulating the genes.
-Transgenic organism- free living organism with a foreign gene inserted.

Question 22

Francis Collens

Answer 22

Human genome project (HUGO)
goal to map the entire sequence of human Genome.

Question 23

Ian Wilmut (Dolly)

Answer 23

Cloning

Question 24

Uses for Biotechnology

Answer 24

-Pest resistance
-BGH (bovine growth hormone)
-Advances in medicine (insulin, anticoagulants, factor VIII, human growth hormone ,and others.)

Question 25

Plasmid

Answer 25

Small circular segment of extra DNA usually found in bacterial cells.

Question 26

Restriction enzymes

Answer 26

Cleave or cut DNA at specific sites.

Question 27

DNA Ligase

Answer 27

Seals DNA fragments back together.

Question 28

Recombinant DNA

Answer 28

DNA from 2 sources

Question 29

DNA probe

Answer 29

Radioactive and allows tracking

Question 30

DNA library

Answer 30

collection of recombinant DNA

Question 31

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 31

Separates molecules according to size and charge.

Question 32

RFLP

Answer 32

-Restriction fragment length polymorphism
-DNA fingerprinting- Unique

Question 33

PCR

Answer 33

-Polymerase chain reaction
-Amplification of millions of copies in just a few hours

Question 34

TAG CAT GCT
ATC GTA CGA

Answer 34

UAG CAU GCU

Question 35

Peptide

Answer 35

Find in between amino acids

Question 36

Gene Therapy

Answer 36

Replace defective gene with healthy gene

Question 37

Protein Synthesis

Answer 37

Creation of Protein