Biology Quiz 2 Flashcards
What type of tissue is blood?
connective
Blood contains how many main categories of cells?
3
What are the three main categories of cells in blood?
Red blood cells
neutrophils
lymphocytes
What is another name for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
What is the function of red blood cells?
Gas transport
In gas transport, oxygen gas is transported by what protein?
Hemoglobin
What is hemoglobin?
An IRON-containing protein that makes up over 90% of the non-water weight of RBC
What is Anemia?
a disease caused by low levels of RBCs or hemoglobin
What is the result/effect of anemia?
reduced delivery of O2 to body tissues
What are some features of Red Blood Cells?
no nucleus
may have “inner tube” shape under EM
What is the most abundant white blood cell?
Neutrophil
What is a neutrophil?
a type of white blood cell
What is the neutrophil’s function?
to migrate to a site of infection and phagocytose microorganisms such as bacteria
What do neutrophils contain that aid in its function?
granules (lysosomes) in the cytoplasm
What are lysosomes used for?
to kill and degrade engulfed bacteria
What is a feature of the neutrophil seen under the light microscope?
lobed-nucleus
What is a feature of the neutrophil under the electron microscope?
dense granules, plasma membrane extensions used in phagocytosis
What is the 2nd most abundant category of White Blood cells?
lymphocyte
What is the function of a lymphocyte?
produce antibodies that bind foreign particles during immune response
-kill infected cells
What is the role of T-cells (lymphocyte)
kill infected cells
What is the role of B cells (lymphocyte)
produce antibodies that bind foreign particles during immune response
What are some features of lymphocytes?
Non-granular cytolasm (no lysozomes)
Large round nucleus
What is lymphoma (including leukemia)?
uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes
Although it doesn’t really connect much, what is adipose tissue technically?
connective
Adipose comprises what percentage of total body mass in avg. human?
15%
Adipose is also the largest what in the body?
reservoir of energy
What is adipose’s function?
insulation and protection
- surrounds heart, kidney, adrenal glands
- found just under the skin
What is the range under the dermis (skin) called? (this is the adipose)
hypodermis
What are the cells that make up adipose tissue called?
adipocytes
Adipocytes are challenged in what two things?
cytoplasm and organelle
What are adipocytes mainly comprised of?
lipid (large droplets)
What are excess fatty acids stored as?
triglycerides or tracylglycerol
What is the function of adipocytes?
secrete hormones that regulate appetite
What are the four main body tissues?
muscle
connective
epithelial
neurons
What are the three sub-sections of muscle tissue?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What are the three sub-sections of connective tissue?
fibroblasts, blood, adipose
In body tubes, where are epithelial cells found
lining the lumen
What are some general characteristics of epithelial tissue?
lots of cells, NO extracellular material or space, held together by tight juctions
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
forms lining of body tubes, protection :skin, absoptive
Where is epithelial tissue found?
inner lining of body tubes, outer layers of skin
What are the two things that aid in classification of epithelial tissue?
Number of layers
Cell shape
If epithelial tissue has 1 layer of cells (lining lumen) what is it called?
simple
If epithelial tissue has morethan one layer of cells what is it called? (ex skin)
stratified
What is it called if epithelial cell has a flattened shape?
squamous
What is it called if epithelial cell has a cube shape?
cuboidal
What is it called if epithelial cell has a tall shape?
columnar
What is the epididymus?
sperm matures and is stored
In blood what are the two main components?
55% plasma
45% formed elements
What are them main formed elements in blood?
platelets
WBC
RBC
