biology part 2, biology harder

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Most body cells have two copies of each chromosome

We describe these cells as diploid

Question 2

mitosis proceses

Answer 2

They have DNA
it gets replicated
They split

Question 3

What is mitosis important for

Answer 3

replacing cells

Allowing growth

Question 4

stem cells

Answer 4

Many tissues in the human body contain a small number of unspecialised cells called stem cells

Question 5

importance of meiosis

Answer 5

Production of gametes e.g. sperm cells and egg cells, pollen grains and ovum
increases genetic variation of offspring

Question 6

Mitosis in a nutsheel

Answer 6

two cells produced (daughter cells)
Daughter cells are diploid and identical to each other and the parent cell
One cell division occurs

Question 7

meiosis in a nutshell

Answer 7

Four cells produced (daughter cells)
daughter cells are haploid, different from each other and the parent cell
Two cell divisions occur

Question 8

Asexual reproduction

Answer 8

Mitosis
Genetically identical
single organism can reproduce
No fusing gametes
quicker

Question 9

sexual reproduction

Answer 9

Meiosis 
Genetically diverse
Mate
Fusion of gametes 
diploid formed from 2 haploid 
Takes longer

Question 10

What uses asexual reproducition

Answer 10

Spider plants
tubers
Bulbs

Question 11

What does the fusion of gametes form

Answer 11

A zygote

Question 12

what reproduction is more efficent

Answer 12

Asexual

Question 13

define the term meiosis

Answer 13

cell division

chromosome number halved/diploid to haploid

Question 14

State the name of the type of cell division that produces gametes

Answer 14

Meiosis

Question 15

which cell is produced by meiosis

Answer 15

sperm

Question 16

Define the term mitosis

Answer 16

cell division to give two identical cells

Question 17

two examples of when mitosis occurs

Answer 17

Asexual reproduction

Growth of tissue`

Question 18

What is produced when a cell undergoes mitosis once?

Answer 18

two new cells which are identical to each other and to their parent cell

Question 19

Flowers

Answer 19

the reproductive organ of the plant. Contains female and male reproductive parts
Produce pollen which contains a nucleus inside the is the male gamete

Question 20

how are plants pollenated

Answer 20

This process is known aspollinationand there are two main mechanisms by which it occurs: transferred byinsects(or other animals like birds) or transferred bywind
The structure of insect and wind-pollinated flowers are slightly different as each is adapted for their specific function

Question 21

Parts of the flower

Answer 21

sepal
Petals 
anther
Stigma 
ovary
Ovule

Question 22

speal

Answer 22

Protects unopened flower

Question 23

anther

Answer 23

Produces and releases the male sex cell

Question 24

stigma

Answer 24

Top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains

Question 25

ovary

Answer 25

Produces the female sex cell (OVUM)

Question 26

Ovulee

Answer 26

Contains the female sex cells

Question 27

insect pollinated flowers:

Answer 27

Insect pollinated flowers produce smaller amounts of larger, heavier pollen grains that often contain spikes or hooks on the outside so they are better able to stick to insects

Question 28

Wind pollinated flowers

Answer 28

produce large amounts of small, lightweight pollen grains that are usually smooth 

Question 29

When does fertilisation occur

Answer 29

when a pollen nucleus fuses with an ovum nucleus in the ovule

Question 30

Pollination vs fertilisation

Answer 30

after sex, the male sex cells (sperm) have been deposited into the female. But, for fertilisation to occur, the nucleus from a male sperm cell has to fuse with the nucleus of a female sex cell (egg) and the sperm has to travel to find the egg before this happens. It’s exactly the same in plants!

Question 31

Factors affecting germination

Answer 31

Water – allows the seed to swell up and the enzymes in the embryo to start working so that growth can occur Oxygen – so that energy can be released for germination Warmth – germination improves as temperature rises (up to a maximum) as the reactions which take place are controlled by enzymes

Question 32

does carbon dioxide make a difference for germination

Answer 32

No, it makes no difference

Question 33

Prostate gland

Answer 33

produces fluid called semen that provide sperm cells with nutrients

Question 34

Sperm duct

Answer 34

sperm passes through sperm duct to be mixed with fluids produced bu the glands before being passed into the urethra for ejaculation

Question 35

Urethra

Answer 35

tube running down the center of the penis that can carry out urine or semen.

Question 36

Testes

Answer 36

produces sperm, stored in scrotum

Question 37

penis

Answer 37

passes urine out of the body from the bladder

Question 38

Oviduct

Answer 38

connects to ovary to the uterus