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Medicine, Year 2, Block 9 (Disease Processes) > Biology of Skin > Flashcards

Biology of Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What appendages does skin have?

A

Hair, nails, glands

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2
Q

What are the three basic layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis (outermost)
  2. Dermis (middle)
  3. Hypodermis / subcutis (innermost)
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3
Q

What is the histological cell type of the Epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, cornified

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4
Q

In the Epidermal layer of the skin, what is the most abundant cell type? What other cells are there?

A

Keratinocytes

Other cells present: Melanocytes, Langerhans Immune cells, Lymphocytes, Merkel cels

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5
Q

Describe the role of Melanocytes in the Epidermal skin layer

A

Responsible for pigmentation and UV protection. They are dendritic in shape and reside in the lower layers of Epidermis. They synthesise melanin packaged into melanosomes which are transferred to Keratinocytes.

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6
Q

Describe the role of Langerhan Immune cells in the Epidermal skin layer

A

Are dendritic in shape, and are APCs. Arise in the bone marrow and migrate via the blood

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7
Q

Describe the role of Merkel cells in the Epidermal skin layer

A

Specialised cells found in the basal layer, associated with nerve fibres responsible for fine touch

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8
Q

What are the four sublayers of the Epidermis? (CGSB)

A
  1. Cornified Layer (Stratum Corneum)
  2. Granular Layer (Stratum Granulosum)
  3. Spinous Layer (Stratum Spinosum)
  4. Basal Layer (Stratum Basale)
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9
Q

Thick and thin skin is classified based on the extent of how thick the _____is?

A

Epidermis

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10
Q

What is more abundant, thick or thin skin?

A

Thin skin

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11
Q

Thick skin may contain a fifth layer called..? Where is it found?

A

Stratum lucidum, between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum

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12
Q

Of the layers of skin in the Epidermis, which is the only one capable of cell division?

A

Stratum basale

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13
Q

What is the role of the Stratum Basale?

A

Contains stem cells of the epidermis. Newly formed daughter cells will either become new stem cells remaining in the Basale or different to form layers above.

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14
Q

In the Spinous Layer, at what mitotic stage are these cells in?

A

Post-mitotic, hence incapable of cell division

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15
Q

In the Stratum Granulosum, further differentiation of cells occurs through production of..?

What is their role?

A

Keratohyalin Granules

Aggregrate keratin and lamellar bodies to form a hydrophobic barrier to water

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16
Q

In the Cornified layer, at what mitotic stage are these cells in?

A

Apoptotic stage

17
Q

The degree of keratinisation of keratinocytes increases with increasing or decreasing differentiation?

A

Increasing

18
Q

Define “scaling”

A

An imbalance between cell renewal and cell loss

19
Q

Define “blisters”

A

Breakage of cell-cell junctions

20
Q

The Dermis layer of skin is divided into two sub-layers - what are they?

A

Papilary dermis

Reticular dermis

21
Q

Is the Epidermis, vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular

22
Q

Is the Dermis, vascular or avascular?

A

Vascular

23
Q

What is the layer of attachment for appendages such as hair follicles?

A

Basal layer of Epidermis

24
Q

What is the subcutis / hypodermis mainly composed of?

A

Mature adipose tissue, separated by a fibrous septa

25
Q

Nail appendages are continuous with which layer of skin?

A

Basal layer of Epidermis

26
Q

In a cross section of a hair strand, what are the three layers?

A

Cuticule
Cortex
Medulla

27
Q

What is a “superficial wound”

A

A wound affecting the epidermis, but the epidermis can still regenerate from the basal layer

28
Q

What is a “deep wound” - what are the 5 stages it heals in? HIFER

A

A wound affecting the dermis. Heals in phases:

  1. Homeostasis
  2. Inflammation
  3. Fibroplasia
  4. Epithelialisation
  5. Remodelling
29
Q

What is a “deepest wound” - is healing possible?

A

A wound affecting the dermis and the appendages. Spontaneous healing not possible i.e. skin graft

Medicine, Year 2, Block 9 (Disease Processes) (28 decks)

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