Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine, Year 2, Block 9 (Disease Processes) > Bacterial Structure & Classification > Flashcards

Bacterial Structure & Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

State the name of one E.coli strain which is non hazardous to humans

A

E. coli K12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the name a E.coli strain which can cause food poisoning or haemolytic uraemia

A

E. coli O157:H7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give the name of one bacterial causative agent for Meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give the name of one bacterial causative agent for Gonorrhoeae

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is genetic material in bacteria arranged?

A

It consists of circular and double stranded DNA, floating freely in cytoplasm and is not membrane bound. Known as a nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are bacterial pili / fimbriae used for?

A

Cell adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give the name of one bacterial causative agent for Listeriosis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give the name of one bacterial causative agent for Peptic ulcers / Chronic gastritis

A

Helicobacter pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do Gram+ and Gram- bacteria react differently to the Gram stain?

A
  1. Stain with crystal violet (purple)
  2. Wash with alcohol
  3. In Gram+, stain is retained due to biochemistry of cell wall
  4. In Gram-, stain is washed out and can be stained with Counterstain fuchsin (pink)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If a bacteria is stained dark purple, what does this mean?

A

Gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If a bacteria is stained pink, what does this mean?

A

Gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Gram negative cell wall

A

They have a cytoplasmic cell membrane, followed by a thin Peptidoglycan cell wall (within the Periplasm) and an outer LPS membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is the Lipopolysaccharide tail of Gram negative bacteria recognised by Immune cells?

A

By TLR4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the Peptidoglycan recognised by Immune cells?

A

By TLR2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the Gram positive cell wall

A

They have a cytoplasmic membrane, followed by a thick Peptidoglycan cell wall plus Teichoic acids

17
Q

A bacteria is not successfully stained with crystal violet or fuchsin, what can be deduced and what stains can be used?

A

May not be Gram positive or negative, could be acid-fast -> Proceed to stain with Ziehl Neelson stain (will stain red if acid fast)

18
Q

Give an example of a bacteria which does NOT have a cell wall

A

Chlamydia sp.

Mycoplasma sp.

19
Q

Give an example of an acid fast bacteria

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

20
Q

Give an example of a bacterial causative agent which causes Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

21
Q

What is a “coccus”?

A

Any bacteria which has a spherical or round shape

22
Q

Outline the different arrangements of Cocci (6)

A
  • Coccus
  • Diplococcus (two)
  • Staphylococcus (grape-like)
  • Streptococcus (chain-like)
  • Sarcina (cuboidal-like)
  • Tetrad (square)
23
Q

What is a “bacilli”

A

Any bacteria which has a rod shape

24
Q

Outline the different arrangements of Bacilli (5)

A
  • Bacilli
  • Coccobacilli (round bacilli)
  • Diplobacilli (two)
  • Streptobacilli (chain-like)
  • Pallisades (side on bacilli)
25
Q

What species of Bacteria can form spores?

A

Gram positive only

26
Q

Give two names of a spore-producing bacteria. Is it Gram positive or Gram negative?

A

Clostridium difficle
Clostridium botulinum

Gram positive

27
Q

Why can’t babies consume honey?

A

Honey might be contaminated with spores of Clostridium botulinum

28
Q

What does “fastidious” mean in the context of bacteria?

A

Bacteria that will grow only if special nutrients are present in their culture medium

29
Q

To determine the ability of a bacteria to use lactose as a carbon source can be determined by what?

A

MacConkey medium containing lactose

30
Q

Is E. coli Lac+ or Lac-?

A

Lac+

31
Q

Is Salmonella Lac+ or Lac-?

A

Lac-

32
Q

Give examples of molecular lab techniques used to identify specific bacteria

A
  • MALDI-TOF MS
  • 16S rRNA sequence
  • Whole genome sequencing
33
Q

Are bacteria haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

34
Q

Outline the three types of horizontal gene transfer

A

Transformation (free uptake)
Transduction (bacteriophage)
Conjugation (sexual pilus)

35
Q

What are the growth phases of bacteria?

A

Lag
Exponential Log
Stationary
Death

Medicine, Year 2, Block 9 (Disease Processes) (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions