Biology Homework 31.12.24 Flashcards
Digestion and Enzymes Required Practical
Why do enzymes not work well at lower temperatures?
Reactions are slow as there is not enough kinetic energy for substrate to collide and bind to active site.
What was the aim of the practical?
To investigate the effect of pH on enzyme reaction.
How was pH changed in the practical?
Using different pH buffer solutions.
Which organs produce lipases?
Pancreas
How is the stomach adapted to protect itself from the hydrochloric acid?
Thick mucus layer/quick renewal of epithelial layer.
Name the enzyme used in the practical.
Amylase
How are the nutrients carried away through the gut?
Absorbed into the bloodstream through small intestine.
Apart from digestion, what is another function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Kill pathogens in food.
How does the hydrochloric acid in the stomach help with digestion?
Provides optimum pH for pepsin to digest proteins
What was the independent variable?
pH
Why do enzymes stop working past their optimum temperature?
They become denatured so substrate can no longer bind to active site.
Which organs produce amylase?
Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine.
Name the indicator used in the practical
Iodine
What are the products of starch digestion?
Glucose
Name the substrate of amylase
Starch
What happens when an enzyme is denatured?
Its active site changes shape, substrate can’t bind to form enzyme-substrate complex.
Which organs produce proteases?
Stomach, pancreas, small intestine.
What is meant by ‘optimum’ temperature or pH of enzymes
The temperature or pH at which rate of reaction is highest for enzyme.
How does temperature affect enzyme’s rate of reaction?
As temp increases, rate of reaction increases up to optimum. This is due to substances having more kinetic energy.
How does a change in pH affect enzyme structure?
pH change affects forces holding enzyme structure together, causing it to denature.
