Biology Homework 18.1.25 Flashcards
[Infection and Response Revision]
How does the stomach defend the body against pathogens?
Hydrochloric acid destroys microorganisms in mucus/food.
How do antibodies fight pathogens?
They attach to antigens and destroy pathogens.
Name three viral diseases.
Measles, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus.
What is the advantage of memory cells?
They help you become more resistant to pathogens; help you gain immunity.
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another.
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that causes disease.
What are the three ways pathogens spread?
Air, water, direct contact.
How does the trachea defend the body against pathogens?
Secrete mucus to trap pathogens. Cilia move mucus up the trachea to be removed.
What three functions do white blood cells have?
Phagocytosis, producing antibodies, producing antitoxins
What happens during phagocytosis?
Phagocyte is attracted to the area of infection, engulfs a pathogen, and releases enzymes to digest the pathogen.
How do viruses make you ill?
Reproduce rapidly inside cells, damaging or destroying them.
Why are antibodies a specific defence?
Antibodies have a complimentary shape for the unique antigens on a pathogen.
What is the function of an antitoxin?
Neutralise toxins produced by pathogens by binding to them.
Name four types of pathogens.
Bacteria, fungi, protists, viruses.
What are memory cells?
These are white blood cells that can rapidly produce specific antibodies if the same pathogens re-enters the body.
How do bacteria make you ill?
Produce toxins that damage tissues.
What is a vaccine?
Small quantities of a dead or inactive form of a pathogen.
Name one fungal disease.
Rose black spot.
Name two bacterial diseases.
Salmonella, gonorrhoea.
What are antigens?
Proteins on the surface of cells e.g pathogens.
