Biology Homework 1.2.25 Flashcards
[Enzymes and Digestion]
What is a substrate?
Substance that binds to the active site of an enzyme.
How is the stomach adapted to protect itself from the hydrochloric acid?
Thick mucus layer / quick renewal of epithelial layer.
Name the enzyme that digests starch.
Amylase
What are the monomers that make up starch?
Glucose
State the function of the salivary glands.
Produce digestive enzymes like Amylase.
What are the monomers that make up proteins?
Amino acids.
Define ‘active site’.
The site on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
State the function of the stomach.
Releases digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid to digest food.
Name the type of enzyme that digests carbohydrate.
Carbohydrase
Define ‘enzyme’
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
What kind of molecule are biological enzymes?
Proteins.
Define ‘catalyst’.
A substance that speeds up chemical reactions but don’t get used up.
What are the two monomers that make up lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids.
What is starch?
A type of carbohydrate.
Name the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
Oesophagus/Gullet.
Name the type of enzyme that digests protein.
Protease.
Name the protease that works well in the stomach.
Pepsin.
Name the type of enzyme that digests lipids.
Lipases.
Apart from digestion, what is another function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Kill pathogens in food.
What is the lock and key model?
Enzyme is the lock, substrate is the key which has a specific shape for the active site of the enzyme.
