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AAA - BIOLOGY - Revision > Biology Definitions from the Mark Scheme > Flashcards

Biology Definitions from the Mark Scheme Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the organ that produces bile

A

The liver

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2
Q

Describe two ways bile helps to speed up the digestion of fat/lapids

A

Emulsfies fats(allowing fats to mix with water)- neutralises - meaning it creates optimal pH conditions for lipase/enzyme.

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3
Q

How is protein disgested?

A

Protease enzyme breaks protein down into amino acids Protein is then broken down in the stomach and small intestine.Protease in the stomach works best at

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4
Q

What arteries supply blood to the heart?

A

Coronary arteries

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5
Q

What is stent

A

Stent is a memory shape mesh that is fed into a blood vessel and inflated isomg a ballton.

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6
Q

What is the first step in how blood is moved around in the heart?

A

Blood enters the atria(through the vena cava and pulmonary vein)

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7
Q

What is the second step on how blood is moved around in the heart?

A

The atria contract which pushes blood into the ventricles

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8
Q

What is the third step on how blood is moved around in the heart?

A

The Ventrcles contract which pushes blood out of the heart

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9
Q

What is the fourth step on how blood is moved around in the heart?

A

Valfues stop blood from flowing backwards or in the wrong direction

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10
Q

How is oxygen moved from the lungs to the tissues?

A

Oxygen comnines with haemoglobin to make oxyhaemoglobin.

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11
Q

What is the second step on how oxygen is moved from the lungs to tissues

A

Oxygen transported in blood/blood vessels, oxyhaemoglobin releases oxygen in tissues or spilts to form oxygen and haemoglobin.

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12
Q

What is the function of platelets

A

Helps to clot the blood

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13
Q

What is the function of plasma

A

Carries carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What is the function of a white blood cell

A

Protects the bod from diseases.

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15
Q

What are the similarites between Translocation and trasnpiration?

A

Both are mechanisms of transport in plants

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16
Q

What are the differences between Translocation and transpiration?

A

Transpiration involces the xylem, while phloem is used in translocation.Transpiration is the movement of water while translocation is the movement of glucose/sugar/sucrose

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17
Q

Name some more differences between translocation and transpiration

A

Transpiration is driven by evaporation of water from leaves, while translocation is no.- Transpiration occurs through hollow tubes, while translocation occurs through sieve plates/living tubes.

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18
Q

What is the function of Epidermal tissue?

A

Covers the lead/plant

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19
Q

What is the function of Vascular tissue

A

Transports substances/water/mineral ions/sugars around the plant of leaf

20
Q

How is the palisade tissue layer adapted to carry out photosynthesis

A

Cubiod/rectangular shape allows more cells to pakc together at the top of the leaf.Lots of chloroplastsThis helps to trap more sunlight energy.

21
Q

State one purpose of the stomata

A

Allow carbon dioxide in/oxygen or water vapour out/control water loss/ gas exchange

22
Q

What is meant by a pathogen

A

A microorganism that can make you ill/ cause disease

23
Q

Name three other groups other than bacteria that can cause disease

A

-Fungi-Protists- Viruses

24
Q

What microoganism causes rose black spot

A

Fungus/fungi

25
Q

What should the gardener do if they confirmed their plants had black rose disease

A
  • Remove infected plant-Destroy infected leaves by burning them-Spray the rest of the plant with fungicide.
26
Q

What is are the similartites of measles and HIV

A

Both caused by a virus-Both are communicable-Both are incurable

27
Q

What are the differrences between Measales and HIV

A

-Measles is spread by droplet infection-HIV is spread through bodily fluids

28
Q

Name some more differences between Measles and HIV

A
  • Measles is prevented by vaccination - HIV is prevented by sterilising needles/ or using condoms
29
Q

What 3 ways do white blood cells protect us from pathogens?

A

-Engulf the pathogens-Produce antitoxins-Produce antibodies

30
Q

How a vaccine can stop a person contracting chicken pox in future?

A

-Dead/inactive pathogen injected or given to a patient.-White blood cells make antibodies.-If live pathogen infects a person, antibodies can be made quickly and in alrge numbers.

31
Q

Suggest the main benefit of vaccinating lots of people against a disease

A

-Herd immunity

32
Q

What happens in stage one of testing drugs

A

Find suitabel chemicals for testing

33
Q

What happens n stage two of testing drugs

A

Test on live cells/tissues in the lab

34
Q

What happens in stage three of testing drugs

A

Healthy human volunteers or animals

35
Q

What happens in stage four of testing drugs

A

Clinical tests on patients

36
Q

What is a double blind trail?

A

-Some patients are given placebo pill/saline injection- No docters or researchers don’t know which patients have the test drug-Patients don’t know if they have the drug or not

37
Q

What is the route taken by carbon dioxide take to enter a plant living on land

A

Carbon dioxide is taken in from the air, through the stomata

38
Q

What is the route taken by water to enter a plant living on land

A

Water is absorbed from the soil/roots, then this water then goes through the xylem

39
Q

Give three uses for glucose by plants

A
  • Respiration- Produce starch-Produce protein
40
Q

Why would students not record data for distances closer than 20cm

A
  • The lamp that close will warm the water- Temperature affects/speeds up the rate of photosynthesis- and this needs to be controlled
41
Q

Why did students wait three minutes before taking a reading at each distance

A

To allow the plant to adjust/ to give time for bubble time to change.

42
Q

Name two factors that could be the limiting factor of photosynthesis

A

-Light intensity- Temperature

43
Q

Name two products that a released in the mitochondria

A

-Carbon dioxide- Water

44
Q

Why does an athelete breath heavily for a while after the race

A

-Build up of lactic acid-Oxygen needed to ordise/break down lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water.

45
Q

Why is a higher breathing rate beneficial to exercising muscles

A

-Provides more oxygen for respiration-To release/provide energy and help remove carbon dioxide from the body quicker, that has been produced by respiration quicker.

46
Q

Why do muscle’s reserces of glycogen become lower during prolonged exercise?

A
  • Glycogen is broken down-To release/provide glucose for respiration.

AAA - BIOLOGY - Revision (26 decks)

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