Biology (Day 20; Chromosome Structure and Numbers

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

The full set of genetic information an organism has in its DNA

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Threadlike structure of DNA and protein containing genetic information

Question 3

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

Set of chromosomes (one from each parent), that are very similar to one another and have the same size/shape

Question 4

Diploid (2n)

Answer 4

A cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 5

Haploid (n)

Answer 5

A cell that contains only a single set of genes

Question 6

Autosome

Answer 6

Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 7

Sex chromosome

Answer 7

One of two chromosomes (X or Y) that determines an organism’ sex

Question 8

Karyotype

Answer 8

Micrograph image of a diploid set of chromosomes, grouped in pairs

Question 9

How many chromosomes do most prokaryotes carry, where are they found, and what is their shape?

Answer 9

single circular DNA found in the cytoplasm

Question 10

How many chromosomes do eukaryotes carry, and where are they found?

Answer 10

multiple chromosomes found in the nucleus

Question 11

Explain the relationship between genes, chromosomes, DNA, and genomes

Answer 11

DNA makes up genes, genes make up chromosomes, and chromosomes make up a genome