biology chapter 2: chemistry of life Flashcards
atom
smallest unit of matter
smallest unit of matter
atom
three parts of an atom
- proton
- neutron
- electron
proton
of protons = whole atomic
- positively charged
- located in nucleus
neutron
of neutrons can change in isotopes
- located in the nucleus
- neutral or no charge
- part of the atomic mass
electron
- located in the outer shell - “clouds” - 7 total shells
- negative charge
- responsible for bonding
atomic #
- number of protons
- identifies the element
- whole number on top
atomic mass
- equation: # of P + # of N
- number on bottom w/ decimal
isotope
- element that has the different number of neutrons with the same number of protons
- use atomic mass equation to find the number of neutrons
chemical bonds
two types
- ionic bond
- covalent bond
ionic bonds
the charge of electron is transferred
covalent bonds
two types
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
non polar covalent bond
electron charge is shared equally across the molecule
polar covalent bond
electron charge is shared unequally across molecule
ion
- element with unequal protons and electrons
- losing an electron = positive charge
- gaining an electron = negative charge
what bonds are whithin a molecule?
two types
- ionic bonds
- covalnet bonds
what bond is between a molecule?
hydrogen
three parts of a chemical reaction
- reactants
- yeild sign
- products
reactant
what you start with in a chemical reaction
product
what you end with in a chemical reaction
parts of a solution
two parts
- solute
- solvent
solvent
what is doing the dissolving
solute
what is being dissolved
what is the universal solvent
water
properties of water
there are four
- cohesion
- ahesion
- surface tension
- high heat capacity
cohesion
water molecule bonds with another water molecule
adhesion
water molecule bonds to another molecule that isnt water
surface tension
when hydrogen bonds are somewhat flexible
like a bug being able to walk on water
heat capacity
in water
it takes a lot of energy to increase its temperature
