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Biology > Biology Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give three examples of how biology is woven into the fabric of society.

A
  1. Molecular Biology is used to help solve crimes.
  2. Ecology helps us address environmental issues.
  3. Neuroscience is reshaping what we know about psychology and sociology.
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2
Q

What are the 7 properties of life?

A
  1. Order
  2. Regulation
  3. Growth and Development
  4. Energy Utilization
  5. Response to the Environment
  6. Reproduction
  7. Evolution
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3
Q

List the levels of biological organization from ecosystem to atom.

A
  1. Ecosystem
  2. Community
  3. Populations
  4. Organism
  5. Organs and Organ Systems
  6. Tissues
  7. Cells
  8. Organelles
  9. Clusters of Atoms
  10. Atoms
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4
Q

Ecosystem`

A

All living organisms and the nonliving components with which they interact in a specific area

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5
Q

Community

A

All the living organisms in one specific environment within an ecosystem (example: a tide pool)

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6
Q

Populations

A

Groups of interacting individuals of 1 species within a community

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7
Q

Organism

A

An individual living thing

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8
Q

Organs and Organ Systems

A

The organs within a living thing that perform 1 specific function (example: respiratory system, brain, nervous system)

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9
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of similar cells performing a specific task (example: muscle)

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10
Q

Cells

A

smallest unit that can display all characteristics of life

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11
Q

Organelles

A

Functional components of cells

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12
Q

Clusters of Atoms

A

Atoms grouped together

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13
Q

Atoms

A

smallest chemical unit in a cell

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14
Q

What are the 2 main dynamic processes in an ecosystem?

A

Recycling of Nutrients and Flow of Energy

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15
Q

Compare Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller with no organelles (example: Bacteria)

Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, and they have organelles (example: plants, animals)

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16
Q

Three Domains of Prokaryotic Life

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya
17
Q

Define “Biology”

A

The scientific study of life

18
Q

Describe the 2 main points in Darwin’s Origin of Species

A
  1. Descent with modification (evolution)
  2. Natural selection (organisms best adapted to environment survive to pass on their genes)
19
Q

Describe two observations that led Darwin to his “inescapable conclusion”

A
  1. Over-production and competition (organisms will reproduce as much as possible, and there will be too many for the environment to support, so only some will survive to reproduce again)
  2. Individual Variation (each organism will possess slightly different combinations of genes)
  3. Conclusion: Unequal reproductive success (natural selection–organisms best adapted to an environment survive to pass on their genes)
20
Q

Compare artificual and natural selection

A

Both artificial and natural selection result in only a specific set of traits being passed on.

  • Artificial: traits selected by humans (example: dog breeds)
  • Natural: traits selected by environment (traits that help organisms survive)
21
Q

Discovery Science

A
  • Based on observing nature
  • Descriptive
  • Inductive reasoning (inferring general laws from specific instances)
22
Q

Hypothesis Driven Science

A
  • Based on Scientific Method
  • Uses experimentation
  • Deductive reasoning (using a general law to infer about particular instances)
23
Q

Hypothesis vs. Theory

A
  • Hypothesis:
    • ​specific
    • an “educated guess” about something that might happen
  • Theory
    • ​broad
    • A prediction supported by evidence
24
Q

What distinguishes science from other forms of inquiry?

A
  1. Dependance on observations and measurements that can be verified
  2. Requirement that ideas are testable by experiments others can repeat
25
Q

Describe examples of interdependence between technology and science

A

New technologies advance science, and new scientific discoveries lead to new technology (cycle that keeps repeating)

Example: Discovery of the structure of DNA–>new DNA technologies–>new discoveries about DNA–>new technologies (etc.)

26
Q

Explain how changes in the effectiveness of antibiotics illustrate natural selection

A

Those bacterium most naturally resistant to a drug survive and reproduce, so the next generation is resistant to the drug

27
Q

Four

Kingdoms of Eukaryotic Life

A
  • plantae (photosynthesis)
  • Fungi (decomposition)
  • Animalia (digestion)
  • Protists (multiple kingdoms)

Biology (14 decks)

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