Biology: Cell Biology

Question 1

Stage in interphase wherein cellular contents (except chromosomes) are duplicated

Answer 1

G1

Question 2

Stage in interphase wherein chromosomes are replicated

Answer 2

S

Question 3

Stage in interphase wherein the cell checks and repairs the duplicated chromosomes

Answer 3

G2

Question 4

Cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells

Answer 4

Mitotic spindle

Question 5

Point of origin of the mitotic spindle

Answer 5

Centrosome

Question 6

The centrosome is composed of two ______, which are barrel shaped and consist of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+2 circle.

Answer 6

Centrioles

Question 7

Stage in mitosis wherein the centrioles, which have divided, form asters and move apart until they are at opposite poles

Answer 7

Prophase

Question 8

Stage in mitosis wherein the nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrate and eventually disappear

Answer 8

Prophase

Question 9

Stage in mitosis wherein the chromosomes align at the equatorial plate

Answer 9

Metaphase

Question 10

During metaphase, the centromeres are attached to _____________.

Answer 10

Spindle fibres

Question 11

(T/F): During metaphase, motor proteins are critical for the movement of chromosomes toward the metaphase plate by achieving a balance of forces on microtubules.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

Stage in mitosis wherein the centromeres split, each half going to their respective poles and the cell membrane beginning to pinch at the center

Answer 12

Anaphase

Question 13

When the centromeres split, ______ shorten and depolymerize, allowing chromosomes to travel to opposite poles.

Answer 13

Kinetochore microtubules

Question 14

Stage wherein the cell membrane completely constricts and the nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

Answer 14

Telophase

Question 15

In meiosis, chromosomes do not replicate during _________.

Answer 15

Interphase II (between telophase I and prophase II); note that they replicate during interphase I

Question 16

A diploid cell has 28 chromosomes. When meiosis occurs, how many chromosomes are there during Prophase I?

Answer 16

56 chromosomes

Question 17

Part of the cell that has its own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

Mitochondrial membrane that is smooth and porous

Answer 18

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 19

Mitochondrial membrane that is less porous, semipermeable, and has several infoldings called _______

Answer 19

Inner mitochondrial membrane, cristae

Question 20

Cell part responsible for protein synthesis and processing, having ribosomes attached to it

Answer 20

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

The (rough/smooth) endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nuclear membrane.

Answer 21

Rough

Question 22

Cell part responsible for steroid synthesis

Answer 22

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum acts as a ________ _______ in muscles, acting as a calcium reservoir.

Answer 23

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

Cell part responsible for post-translational protein modifications and transports proteins to plasma membrane via vesicular exocytosis

Answer 24

Golgi apparatus

Question 25

Face of Golgi apparatus that is near the RER; receives transfer vesicles with immature proteins

Answer 25

Cis face

Question 26

Face of Golgi apparatus with secretory vesicles that export proteins via exocytosis

Answer 26

Trans face

Question 27

Arrange the flow of proteins: I. Trans face of Golgi II. Rough ER III. Plasma membrane IV. Cis face of Golgi

Answer 27

II. Rough ER, IV. Cis face of Golgi, I. Trans face of Golgi, III. Plasma membrane

Question 28

Each time water in a cell freezes slowly, long crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. However, in the frozen state, virtually no chemical reactions occur. The most likely explanation for the bad taste of meat that has "freeze burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of

Answer 28

Lysosomes and resultant autodigestion

Question 29

Four evidences for endosymbiotic theory

Answer 29

Membranes (have own membranes) DNA (have their own circular DNA like bacteria) Reproduction (multiply by pinching in half) Ribosomes (have own ribosomes similar to those of bacteria)

Question 30

(T/F): Mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own.

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

Part of cell that covers the cell and its membrane bound organelles

Answer 31

Plasma membrane

Question 32

(T/F): The fluid mosaic model describes the membrane bilayer as protein icebergs in a sea of lipids.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

In low temperature, cholesterol (increases/decreases) membrane fluidity.

Answer 33

Increases (interferes with fatty acid interactions); in higher temp., it decreases fluidity by preventing movement due to bulkiness.

Question 34

Proteins that are found within the cellular membrane

Answer 34

Integral proteins

Question 35

Proteins that are found attached outside the cellular membrane

Answer 35

Peripheral proteins

Question 36

Carbohydrates in the cell membrane participate in cell ___________.

Answer 36

Recognition and adhesion

Question 37

(T/F): Cell membrane carbohydrates act as a physical barrier.

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

Organelle in plant cells that is full of water, which is a reservoir, waste dump, storage region for food, and a means of keeping the cell in shape

Answer 38

Central vacuole

Question 39

Three reasons why cells are small

Answer 39

Plasma membrane is for transport, must move quickly thru cytoplasm, nucleus can only control a certain amount of cytoplasm

Question 40

Which of the following is not involved in movement/transport of materials in the cell? (RER/SER/lysosomes)

Answer 40

Lysosomes

Question 41

To release energy from ATP, the cell breaks the _________ bond.

Answer 41

Terminal phosphate

Question 42

Respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ___.

Answer 42

ATP