Biology: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Generally, veins carry (deoxygenated/oxygenated) blood from the body to the heart, where it can be sent to the lungs

Answer 1

Deoxygenated

Question 2

The largest artery, which connects to the heart and picks up oxygenated blood from the left ventricle

Answer 2

Aorta

Question 3

The only artery that picks up deoxygenated blood is the _______, which runs between the heart and lungs

Answer 3

Pulmonary artery

Question 4

Sequence in which air passes through the respiratory system during exhalation

Answer 4

Alveolus, bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity

Question 5

“Air entering the lungs of a patient through a
tracheotomy is colder and drier, which often causes lung crusting and infection. This is because”

Answer 5

Air does not flow through the nasal passageways

Question 6

“Which pair of body systems primarily
regulate the activities of the other systems?”

Answer 6

Nervous and endocrine

Question 7

Branch of autonomic nervous system associated with trachea widening, heart rate increasing, GI tract stimulation, glycogen –> glucose stimulation, pupil dilation, adrenaline release, inhibition of baldder contraction

Answer 7

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 8

Muscle cells that are rectangular, single nucleus, have many mitochondria, communicate via intercalated discs. They are found in _________

Answer 8

Cardiac muscle cell, myocardium

Question 9

Muscle cells that are cylindrical, striated, multinucleated, and have many mitochondria.

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle cell

Question 10

Muscle cells that are spindle shaped, single central nucleus, and arranged in sheets. These are found in _________.

Answer 10

Smooth muscle cell; muscular layers of the vessels, and within internal organs

Question 11

If the patient is suffering from retention of too much urine, there might be a problem regarding the secretion of what hormone?

Answer 11

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 12

ADH (increases/decreases) the permeability of the collecting duct to water, which leads to increased water reabsorption, a more concentrated urine and reduced urine outflow, while diuretics (increase/decrease) water permeability.

Answer 12

Increases, decreases

Question 13

Sequence of spermatogenesis and respective haploid number

Answer 13

1 Spermatogonium (2n - II) – mitosis
1 Primary spermatocyte (2n - XX) – meiosis i
2 Secondary spermatocyte (n - X) – meiosis ii
4 Spermatid (n - I)

Question 13

Sequence of oogenesis and respective haploid number

Answer 13

1 Oogonium (2n) – mitosis
1 Primary oocyte (2n) – meiosis i
1 Secondary oocyte (n) + polar body – meiosis ii
1 Ovum (n) + 3 polar bodies

Question 13

The human male’s testes are located in an outpocketing
of the body wall known as the scrotum. An advantage of his adaptation is that?

Answer 13

A temperature lower than the body temperature is best for sperm production and storage

Question 14

An animal that relies on external environment to regulate its internal body temperature.

Answer 14

Ectotherm

Question 15

An animal that regulates its own internal body temperature through metabolic processes.

Answer 15

Endotherm

Question 16

An animal that maintains a constant internal body temperature, usually within a narrow range of temperatures.

Answer 16

Homeotherm

Question 17

An animal that varies its internal body temperature within a wide range of temperatures, usually as a result of variation in the environmental temperature.

Answer 17

Pokilotherm

Question 18

Blood vessels supplying blood to the skin (dilate/constrict). This causes more heat to be carried by the blood to the skin, where it can be lost to the air.

Answer 18

Dilate

Question 19

Movement of solutes from greater to lesser concentration

Answer 19

Diffusion

Question 20

Movement of water molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 20

Osmosis

Question 21

Form of diffusion wherein molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane going from high to low concentration (?)

Answer 21

Dialysis

Question 22

When two fluids have the same osmotic pressure

Answer 22

Isotonic

Question 23

In a _______ solution, the solution has higher osmotic pressure than inside the cell, causing water inside the cell to exit via _______.

Answer 23

Hypertonic, crenation

Question 24

In a _______ solution, the solution has lower osmotic pressure than inside the cell, causing water outside the cell to enter via _______.

Answer 24

Hypotonic, hemolysis