Biology 5.3.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

During ___, ___ Hormones cause Secondary Sex Characteristics to develop.

A

Puberty, Reproductive.

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2
Q

What is the main Male Reproductive Hormone? Where is it Produced?

A

Testosterone. Produced in the Testes.

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3
Q

What is the main Female Reproductive Hormone? Where is it Produced?

A

Oestrogen. Produced in the Ovaries.

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4
Q

Oestrogen plays an important role in the ___ Cycle, which begins at Puberty, as well as causing ___ Changes to occur in the Body.

A

Menstrual, Physical.

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5
Q

What happens during the Menstrual Cycle?

A

The Eggs in the Ovaries begin to Mature, & 1 is Released approximately every 28 days, in a Process called Ovulation.

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6
Q

During the Menstrual Cycle, the Lining of the ___ builds up, & Ovulation Occurs.

A

Uterus.

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6
Q

How long is the Average Menstrual Cycle?

A

28 days.

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7
Q

The Stages of the Menstrual Cycle: (4)

A

-1: Menstruation. Loss of Lining from the Uterus, occurs at the Start of the Cycle if no Fertilisation has occurred.

-2: The Lining starts to Thicken.

-3: Ovulation occurs around the Middle of the Cycle (~day 14). The Egg Travels down the Oviduct, towards the Uterus.

-4: The Lining is Maintained, ready to Accept a Fertilized Egg.

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8
Q

What are the 4 Hormones that Control the events that occur during the Menstrual Cycle? What do they do? Where are they Produced in the Body? (4)

A

-Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Causes the Maturation of an Egg in the Ovary. Produced in the Pituitary Gland in the Brain.

-Luteinising Hormone (LH): Stimulates the Release of the Egg. Produced in the Pituitary Gland in the Brain.

-Oestrogen & Progesterone: Involved in Maintaining the Uterus Lining, with Oestrogen being made by the Ovaries, & Progesterone specifically by an empty Egg Follicle, called the Corpus Lutem.

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9
Q

Which Hormone does the Pituitary Gland Produce which Stimulates the Development of a Follicle in the Ovary?

A

FSH.

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10
Q

An Egg Matures inside the Follicle, & the Follicle Produces the Hormone ___.

A

Oestrogen.

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11
Q

FSH Stimulates the Production of…

A

Oestrogen.

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12
Q

Oestrogen Causes Growth & Repair of the ___ of the Uterus Wall, & Inhibits the Production of ___.

A

Lining, FSH.

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13
Q

What happens Oestrogen Rises to a High enough level?

A

It Stimulates the Release of LH from the Pituitary Gland, which Causes Ovulation (~day 14 of the Menstrual Cycle).

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14
Q

After Ovulation, the Follicle becomes a ___ ___, & Starts Producing ___.

A

Corpus Luteum, Progesterone.

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15
Q

What does Progesterone do?

A

Maintains the Uterus Lining (the Thickness of the Uterus Wall).

16
Q

If the Egg is not Fertilised, the Corpus Luteum Breaks Down, & Progesterone levels drop. This Causes…

A

Menstruation.

17
Q

What is ‘Menstruation’ more commonly knows as?

A

Having a Period.

18
Q

If the Egg is Fertilised, what does the Corpus Luteum do?

A

It Continues to Produce Progesterone, Preventing the Uterus Lining from Breaking Down.

19
Q

Once the Placenta has Developed, what does it Start doing?

A

It Starts Secreting Progesterone, & Continues to do so throughout the Pregnancy, to Maintain the Lining.

20
Q

Why does Oestrogen Inhibit the Production of FSH?

A

Because you don’t need Multiple Follicles at once.

21
Q

What is Ovulation?

A

When the Egg is Released (~day 14 of Menstrual Cycle).