Biology 5.3.1

Question 1

During ___, ___ Hormones cause Secondary Sex Characteristics to develop.

Answer 1

Puberty, Reproductive.

Question 2

What is the main Male Reproductive Hormone? Where is it Produced?

Answer 2

Testosterone. Produced in the Testes.

Question 3

What is the main Female Reproductive Hormone? Where is it Produced?

Answer 3

Oestrogen. Produced in the Ovaries.

Question 4

Oestrogen plays an important role in the ___ Cycle, which begins at Puberty, as well as causing ___ Changes to occur in the Body.

Answer 4

Menstrual, Physical.

Question 5

What happens during the Menstrual Cycle?

Answer 5

The Eggs in the Ovaries begin to Mature, & 1 is Released approximately every 28 days, in a Process called Ovulation.

Question 6

During the Menstrual Cycle, the Lining of the ___ builds up, & Ovulation Occurs.

Answer 6

Uterus.

Question 6

How long is the Average Menstrual Cycle?

Answer 6

28 days.

Question 7

The Stages of the Menstrual Cycle: (4)

Answer 7

-1: Menstruation. Loss of Lining from the Uterus, occurs at the Start of the Cycle if no Fertilisation has occurred.

-2: The Lining starts to Thicken.

-3: Ovulation occurs around the Middle of the Cycle (~day 14). The Egg Travels down the Oviduct, towards the Uterus.

-4: The Lining is Maintained, ready to Accept a Fertilized Egg.

Question 8

What are the 4 Hormones that Control the events that occur during the Menstrual Cycle? What do they do? Where are they Produced in the Body? (4)

Answer 8

-Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Causes the Maturation of an Egg in the Ovary. Produced in the Pituitary Gland in the Brain.

-Luteinising Hormone (LH): Stimulates the Release of the Egg. Produced in the Pituitary Gland in the Brain.

-Oestrogen & Progesterone: Involved in Maintaining the Uterus Lining, with Oestrogen being made by the Ovaries, & Progesterone specifically by an empty Egg Follicle, called the Corpus Lutem.

Question 9

Which Hormone does the Pituitary Gland Produce which Stimulates the Development of a Follicle in the Ovary?

Answer 9

FSH.

Question 10

An Egg Matures inside the Follicle, & the Follicle Produces the Hormone ___.

Answer 10

Oestrogen.

Question 11

FSH Stimulates the Production of…

Answer 11

Oestrogen.

Question 12

Oestrogen Causes Growth & Repair of the ___ of the Uterus Wall, & Inhibits the Production of ___.

Answer 12

Lining, FSH.

Question 13

What happens Oestrogen Rises to a High enough level?

Answer 13

It Stimulates the Release of LH from the Pituitary Gland, which Causes Ovulation (~day 14 of the Menstrual Cycle).

Question 14

After Ovulation, the Follicle becomes a ___ ___, & Starts Producing ___.

Answer 14

Corpus Luteum, Progesterone.

Question 15

What does Progesterone do?

Answer 15

Maintains the Uterus Lining (the Thickness of the Uterus Wall).

Question 16

If the Egg is not Fertilised, the Corpus Luteum Breaks Down, & Progesterone levels drop. This Causes…

Answer 16

Menstruation.

Question 17

What is ‘Menstruation’ more commonly knows as?

Answer 17

Having a Period.

Question 18

If the Egg is Fertilised, what does the Corpus Luteum do?

Answer 18

It Continues to Produce Progesterone, Preventing the Uterus Lining from Breaking Down.

Question 19

Once the Placenta has Developed, what does it Start doing?

Answer 19

It Starts Secreting Progesterone, & Continues to do so throughout the Pregnancy, to Maintain the Lining.

Question 20

Why does Oestrogen Inhibit the Production of FSH?

Answer 20

Because you don’t need Multiple Follicles at once.

Question 21

What is Ovulation?

Answer 21

When the Egg is Released (~day 14 of Menstrual Cycle).