Biologically important molecules

Question 1

Amino Acid Structure

Answer 1

Amino Group, side chain (R group), carboxyl group, tetrahedral alpha carbon

Question 2

Proteolysis

Answer 2

hydrolysis of a protein by another protein

Question 3

Denaturation

Answer 3

disruption of a protein’s shape without breaking peptide bonds

Question 4

Levels of protein structure

Answer 4

primary amino acid sequence

secondary hydrogen bonds to form an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

tertiary structure driven by interactions of R groups with each other and the water.

quarternary - interactions between polypeptide subunits

Question 5

glycogen function

Answer 5

an energy storage carbohydrates in animals, starch serves the same purpose in plants

Question 6

Roles of lipids

Answer 6

1. Store energy in adipose cells
2. Constitute a barrier between intracellular and extracellular environments
3. Cholesterol is a building block for hydrophobic steroid hormones

Question 7

Cardinal characteristic of lipids

Answer 7

Hydrophobicity

Question 8

Triglyceride structure and function

Answer 8

Needed to store fatty acids in the form of fat. Composed of three fatty acids esterified to a glycerol molecule

Question 9

What makes fats more efficient energy storage molecules then carbohydrates

Answer 9

1. packing - fats can pack together due to being hydrophobic

2. energy content - fat molecules store more energy than carbohydrates

Question 10

What does cholesterol do?

Answer 10

Maintains optimum membrane fluidity based on temperature. Important component of lipid bilayer

Question 11

Why is true about phosphate anhydride bonds?

Answer 11

They store a lot of energy.

Question 12

Describe ATP

Answer 12

universal short term energy storage molecule